The following is a glossary
of some key terms, concepts and acronyms used in the publications in this
and in linked web sites. The terms and definitions are drawn from a number
of sources including legislation, standards, codes of practice, guides,
reports and other documents. For translations into Maori of some of the
key terms here, see the English-Maori
Glossary of Occupational Safety and Health Terms.
If you have any suggestions
for additions to the glossary, please e-mail them to the webmaster.
| Term or Acronym |
Definition |
| l |
Litre, sometimes written as L or l. |
| LAeq,T |
The equivalent continuous A-weighted sound pressure
level in decibels and is the value of the steady continuous A weighted
sound pressure level that, within a measurement time interval, T,
has the same mean square sound pressure as the sound under consideration
whose level varies with time. It is the average level of noise over
some specified period of time. |
| LAeq,8h |
The 8-hour equivalent continuous A-weighted sound
pressure level in decibels, and is that steady sound pressure level
which would in the course of an 8-hour period cause the same A-weighted
sound energy as that due to the actual noise over the actual working
day. It is the average level of noise to which a person is exposed,
averaged out over a period of 8 hours. NOTE: LAeq,8h is the same as
LEX,8h. |
| Lpeak |
The highest unweighted (linear) peak sound pressure
level in decibels, and is ten times the logarithm, to the base ten,
of the ratio of the square of the maximum instantaneous sound pressure
to the square of the reference sound pressure (20 micropascals). It
is determined by sound measuring equipment with 'P' time-weighting,
as specified in the International Standard IEC 651:1979. NOTE: The
maximum instantaneous sound pressure level (Lpeak) is not the same
as the maximum rms level (Lmax). |
| Label |
(1) Information on a container that identifies the
substance in the container, and includes basic information to allow
the safe use of the substance.
(2) In relation to the land transport of dangerous goods, means the
pictorial representation of a class or division of dangerous goods,
in a form similar to a diamond (a square rotated 45 degrees) appearing
on or attached to a package or container of dangerous goods and includes:
(a) a primary risk label that is a pictorial and numerical representation
of the class of dangerous goods and may include some text; and
(b) a subsidiary risk label that is a primary risk label without the
class number. 'Labelled' and 'labelling' have corresponding meanings.
|
| Laboratory |
A vehicle, room, building or any structure set aside
and equipped for scientific experiments or research, for teaching
science, or for the development of chemical or medicinal products. |
| Laboratory compartment |
A fire-isolated compartment in a laboratory, being
either the whole laboratory or a subdivision of the laboratory. |
| Labour inspector |
An employee of the Department designated under section
223 of the Employment Relations Act to be a Labour Inspector. |
| Labour productivity |
The quantity of output produced by a given quantity
of labour input. It is driven by the amount of capital available to
workers, such as equipment, as well as multifactor productivity. |
| Lacrimation |
Flow of tears. Alternative spelling: lachrymation. |
| Lactate |
Ester of lactic acid. |
| Ladder |
An appliance consisting of two styles joined by steps
or rungs and designed for the purpose of climbing or ascending. |
| Ladder bracket |
A bracket to be attached to at least two rungs of a
ladder for the purpose of supporting a plank as a work platform. |
| Lamb |
A sheep that is less than 7 months of age. |
| Laminar flow |
An essentially uni-directional airflow with minimum
turbulence. |
| Laminated glass |
Glazing consisting of two or more pieces of sheet glass,
plate glass or float glass bonded together by one or more intervening
layers of plastic material. |
| Lamp |
A light-emitting device: a bulb or a fluorescent tube. |
| LAN |
Local Area Network. |
| Land transport |
(a) Means
(i) transport on land by any means:
(ii) the infrastructure, goods, and services facilitating that transport;
and
(b) includes coastal shipping (including transport by means of harbour
ferries, or ferries or barges on rivers or lakes). |
| Land Transport Safety Authority (LTSA) |
A Crown Entity established by the Land Transport Act
1993, with the principal function of undertaking activities
that promote safety in land transport at reasonable cost. It has responsibility
for administration of the Transport Service Licensing Act 1989 and
the Land Transport Act 1998. |
| Land Transport New Zealand Ikiiki Whenua
Aotearoa |
New agency (formed December 2004) from the merger of
Transfund New Zealand and the Land Transport Safety Authority. |
| Landfill |
A site where waste is disposed of by burying it, or
placing it upon land or other waste. |
| Landing, Dump or Skid |
A selected or prepared area to which logs are extracted
and where they may be sorted, processed, loaded or stockpiled. |
| Langs lay |
Wire rope in which the individual wires are wound in
the same direction as the strands. |
| Lanyard |
A line used, usually as part of a lanyard assemble
which includes a personal energy absorber, to connect a fall arrest
harness to an anchorage point or static line. |
| Lap seatbelt |
A seatbelt that passes solely across the front of the
wearer's pelvic region. |
| Lap-and-diagonal seatbelt |
A seatbelt comprising a lap strap that passes across
the front of the wearer's pelvic region, and a diagonal strap that
passes across the front of the wearer's torso from one side of the
pelvic region to the shoulder on the opposite side |
| Lapping |
Smoothing and truing a surface by rubbing it on a flat
surface covered lightly with grinding paste, or by rubbing two mating
parts together with grinding paste to fit them to each other. |
| Laryngeal cancer |
A malignant disease of the larynx. Many occupational
exposures have been associated with an increased risk of laryngeal
cancer. The strongest evidence is for sulphuric acid mists, asbestos
and organic solvents. |
| Latency period |
The delay that is often seen between a period of exposure
to an environmental agent or hazardous substance, and the onset of
a toxic response, most commonly cancer. Development of tumors may
occur decades after the exposure believed to be responsible has occurred. |
| Lateral hauling |
In skyline logging, the initial breaking out and movement
of logs to the skyline haul path. |
| Lathe |
A machine tool used generally for producing round parts.
The workpiece is rotated while a stationary tools is moved slowly
along the length of, or across the face of, the revolving workpiece,
cutting metal off as it moves (hence the term 'turning' applied to
work carried out on a lathe). |
| Lay |
(1) Describes the direction strands of wire rope are
wound about the core.
(2) Position on the ground where a tree will fall when severed from
the stump. |
| LBP |
Lead-based paint that contains by dry weight 0.5 mg/cm2
or 2500 µg/g or more of lead. |
| LC50 |
The median lethal concentration, being a statistically
derived concentration of a substance that can be expected to cause
death in 50% of animals. |
| LD50 |
A dose of a substance that produces death in 50% of
a population of experimental animals. LD50s may be estimated after
swallowing, injection or after application to the skin. It is usually
expressed as mg per KG of body weight. |
| Lead agency |
An organisation, which, because of its expertise and
resources, is primarily responsible for dealing with a particular
hazard. |
| Lead product |
Any carbonate, oxide, nitrate, chromate, sulphate,
acetate, or other salt of lead or material containing soluble lead. |
| Lead process |
Any of the following processes:
(a) the melting, casting, pasting, or burning of lead or of any material
containing lead:
(b) the filing, buffing, or polishing of lead or any material containing
lead:
(c) the repair or assembling or the breaking up of any appliance which
contains any lead or lead product:
(d) any process involving the manufacture of any lead product, where
any of the said processes may give rise to fumes or dust from lead
or lead compounds:
(e) the blending of motor-spirit with tetra-ethyl lead:
(f) any process involving the mixing, crushing, sifting, or spraying
of any lead product, or involving any movement or manipulation of
lead products. |
| Lead time |
Period of a particular hazard between its announcement
and arrival. Also used for the mobilisation of resources needed in
relief operations. |
| Lean |
The inclination of a tree from the perpendicular. |
| L(E)C50 |
Either LC50 or EC50 data. |
| Ledger |
A horizontal member placed in the longitudinal direction
between standards of a scaffold for the purpose of supporting putlogs.
|
| Legal name |
The name a corporate entity or person is recognised
by pursuant to statute. |
| Legend |
In relation to a safety sign is the message content
of a sign in words (text) or symbols, or a combination of these. |
| Legionellosis |
(Also known as Legionnaire's disease) A disease caused
by infection with the Legionella bacteria. It most commonly
causes pneumonia, which may be severe. The source of Legionella
infection in an occupational context is usually water aerosol from
pooled warm water, such as occurs in association with air-conditioning
cooling towers, but dust (such as potting mix) has also been documented
as a source. |
| Legislation |
Means and includes Acts (primary legislation), Regulations
(secondary legislation), and Standards, Codes of Practice, etc. that
are cited by Acts or Regulations (tertiary legislation). |
| LEL |
Lower Explosive Limit. The level of concentration in
percentage by volume in air above which explosion can occur upon ignition
in a confined area. |
| Length |
(of a ship) Means 96 per cent of the length on a waterline
at 85 per cent of the least moulded depth measured from the keel line,
or as the length from the foreside of the stem to the axis of the
rudder stock on that waterline, if that be greater. In ships designed
with rake of keel the waterline on which this length i s measured
must be parallel to the designed waterline. |
| Leptospirosis |
A flu-like illness contracted from the infected urine
of livestock cattle, pigs, deer or infected kidneys. It is caused
by bacteria of the genus Leptospira and belongs to the same family
of bacteria that causes syphilis and leprosy. |
| Lesion |
Any discontinuity of tissue or loss of function of
a part of the body as a result of disease or trauma. |
| Lethality |
The end point normally associated with acute toxicity. |
| Leukaemia |
A malignant disease of a subset of white blood cells.
It has various forms, with the most relevant in occupational terms
probably being acute lymphatic leukaemia (ALL) and acute myelocytic
leukaemia (AML). Occupational exposures strongly implicated as causing
leukaemia are ionising radiation, benzene and ethylene oxide. There
is also some evidence that exposure to low-frequency electromagnetic
fields may cause leukaemia. |
| Level 2 (National Information Centre) |
A type of interaction in which an information officer
provides information to a third party. |
| Level 3 (National Information Centre) |
A type of interaction in which the IRD refers a paid
parental leave issue to an information officer and the information
officer may provide information to the parties involved and may refer
the issues to a Labour Inspector. |
| Level crossing |
(a) Means any place where a railway line crosses any
road or street on the level, or where the public is permitted to cross
a railway line on the level; and in this paragraph 'railway line'
does not include a railway line on a road or street, being a railway
line intended solely for the use of light rail vehicles; and (b) Includes
a bridge used for both rail service vehicles and road traffic on the
same level. |
| Level indicator (Inclinometer) |
A device fitted to a machine which indicates whether
the machine is level or not. |
| Levelling shim |
A single or series of thin strips of suitable material
that are used under elements to assist with final positioning of a
load. |
| LFT |
Liver function test. |
| LH |
Left hand. |
| Liability |
Subject to legal obligation; or the obligation itself.
A person who commits a wrong or breaks a contract or trust is said
to be liable or responsible for it. |
| Liable earnings |
Earnings that a self-employed person has made in a
financial year and declared on their end of year tax return. It is
also the wages/salaries that an employer has paid out to their staff. |
| Lifed |
In relation to an aeronautical product, means an aeronautical
product that has a period of acceptable usage defined by the aeronautical
product's manufacturer after which the likelihood of failure increases
sharply and before the expiry of which the aeronautical product is
removed from service. |
| Life-saving appliance |
(Marine) Any device, arrangement, apparatus or thing
intended to sustain the lives of people in distress, or to signal
their distress, or to alert people on board a ship to an emergency,
and includes lifebuoys, lifejackets, immersion suits, anti-exposure
suits, visual signals, survival craft, rescue boats, evacuation systems,
line-throwing appliances, and general alarm and public address systems. |
| Lifeboat |
A totally enclosed motor-propelled survival craft. |
| Life cycle |
All aspects that apply to a substance from extraction
or manufacture to disposal, including storage, transport, handling
and use (see also pan-life cycle) |
| Life cycle |
(1) The cycle of activities that an asset (or facility)
goes through while it retains an identity as a particular asset i.e.
from planning and design to decommissioning or disposal.
(2) The period of time between a selected data and the last year over
which the criteria (e.g. costs) relating to a decision or alternative
understudy will be assessed. |
| Lifecycle cost |
The total cost of an asset throughout its life including
planning, design, construction, acquisition, operation, maintenance,
rehabilitation and disposal costs. |
| Lift |
The assembly of ledgers and putlogs forming each horizontal
level of a scaffold. The lift height is the vertical distance between
two lifts, measured centre to centre. |
| Lifting appliance |
Any appliance (except where defined in the Approved
Code of Practice for Cranes) capable of being operated by mechanical,
manual, or other means to raise or lower a load in a vertical or near-vertical
plane, and includes any lifting tackle. |
| Lifting beam |
A beam which carries loads from two or more points
while being supported by one or more different points. |
| Lifting gear |
In relation to a crane:
(a) means a device used
(i) to attach the load to the hook or load-handling device; or
(ii) to control the load independently of the hook or load-handling
device; or
(iii) as a container for the load; and
(b) includes lifting beams, lifting frames, spreaders, or similar
devices that are not an integral part of the crane. |
| Lifting frame |
A device made up of more than one lifting beam. |
| Lifting spreader |
A device which spreads the lifting ropes and is in
compression. |
| Lifting tackle |
Any sling, shackle, swivel, ring, hook or other appliances,
including lifting beams, frames and spreaders, used in connection
with a lifting appliance or from the hook of a crane. |
| Light curtain |
A two-part electronic guarding mechanism. It provides
an instantaneous cut-off of the machine and any electrical drives
if any body part, e.g. a finger, is inserted into the controlled location. |
| Light rail vehicle |
(a) A rail vehicle that is designed to run on or along
a road with other road vehicles and users; and (b) includes a tram;
but (c) does not include: (i) a rail vehicle approaching or on a level
crossing; or (ii)a rail vehicle while it is on a railway line that
is not on a road. |
| Light source |
A device that emits light, including an incandescent
or fluorescent light bulb, with each filament in an incandescent bulb
having multiple filaments deemed to be a separate light source. |
| Light vehicle |
A vehicle with a gross vehicle mass of less than 3500
kg except for one defined as a heavy vehicle (see heavy vehicle). |
| Lighter |
Any vessel, however propelled, used for the transport
of goods between a ship at anchor offshore in any port, harbour, or
roadstead and any other vessel or the quays, wharves, or shore of
that port, harbour, or roadstead. |
| Lighting equipment |
Equipment designed both to emit or reflect light and
to be fitted to a vehicle; and includes a reflector and reflective
material. |
| Lightning interceptor |
Any permanently located object, including a landscape
feature, that is exposed to the atmosphere and is capable of intercepting
lightning discharges in the vicinity of any hazardous substance location
in which class 1 substances are present. |
| Lightweight |
The displacement of a ship in tonnes without cargo,
fuel, lubricating oil, ballast water, fresh water and feedwater in
tanks, consumable stores, and passengers and crew and their effects. |
| Likelihood |
The chance that something will happen in a given timeframe.
It is expressed in terms of number of incidents per time period or
series of activities. |
| Likelihood ratio |
The ratio of the likelihood of a positive test in people
with a disease to the likelihood of a positive test in people without
the disease. |
| Limb |
(1) To remove limbs or branches.
(2) Branch of a tree. |
| Limit of detection |
The lowest concentration of an analyte at which positive
identification can be achieved with reasonable confidence in a defined
matrix using a specific analytical method. |
| Limited-attendance boiler |
A boiler that:
(a) may be started up or shut down automatically or under manual control;
and
(b) when operating, is checked at regular intervals by the holder
of a relevant certificate of competence, who is on site and within
range of the boiler's audible or visual alarms at all times; and
(c) may be brought at any time under the direct control of a holder
of a relevant certificate of competence. |
| Limited free fall, limited free fall-arrest
|
As defined in AS/NZS 1891.4:2000 (Clause 1.4.6). A
fall or the arrest of a fall occurring under the conditions described
in clause 1.4.5 of AS/NZS 1891.4 except that under reasonably foreseeable
circumstances the fall distance will not exceed 600 mm. |
| Limit switch |
An automatically activated switch to stop a machine
motion at its extremity of operation. |
| Line-haul vehicle |
A vehicle or vehicle combination that:
(a) has more than three axles and a combined gross vehicle mass of
more than 20 tonnes; and
(b) is transporting dangerous goods on a journey that includes travel
outside a radius of 100 km from any point at which dangerous goods
were loaded. |
| Line owner |
A person that owns works that are used or intended
to be used for the conveyance of electricity. |
| Line pull |
The pulling force exerted on a rope from a drum, usually
measured when drum is half-full; expressed in kilograms or tonnes.
|
| Liner |
A casing having openings for the production or injection
of fluids, and installed in the drilled hole to prevent collapse of
the formation or entry of debris into a well. |
| Linisher |
A continuous loop of sandpaper, in the form of a belt,
is driven over pulleys In general, hand-held parts are held against
the moving sandpaper to smooth off rough edges or sufaces. |
| Link belt |
Transmission belting made up of short links, usually
of leather, riveted together. |
| Linkage |
A device, usually a solid rod, for transmitting movement
from one machine part to another. |
| Lipophilicity |
Fat solubility, attraction to fatty tissues. |
| Liquefiable gas |
A gas that has a critical temperature exceeding -50°C
and a boiling point not exceeding 20°C at 101.3 kPa absolute. |
| Liquefied natural gas LNG |
Natural gas which has been liquefied, after processing,
for storage or transportation purposes. NOTE: Liquid natural gas is
revaporised and introduced into pipelines for transmission and distribution
as natural gas. |
| Liquefied petroleum gas LPG |
Mixtures of propane, butane, and pentanes used as a
fuel for internal combustion engines. Odourless, but a distinct smelling
odorant such as ethyl mercaptan is added as a detection agent. |
| Liquid |
(a) A substance with a melting point of less than or
equal to 20°C at 101.3 kPa absolute pressure; or (b) a viscous
substance, without a defined melting point. |
| Litter |
Includes any refuse, rubbish, animal remains, glass,
metal, garbage, debris, dirt, filth, rubble, ballast, stones, earth,
or waste matter, or any other thing of a like nature. |
| Live |
Any electrical equipment, which has, or may have, a
potential difference between it and earth. It includes equipment which
is isolated and de-energised but not earthed. |
| Live gas operation |
Work where gas may be present in, or may be released
into, the atmosphere or where air may enter a network containing gas. |
| Live line equipment |
All live line tools, rope, gloves and insulating equipment
used for live line work. |
| Live line minimum approach distance (live
line MAD) |
The minimum air gap that shall be maintained between
a lineworker and any other component at different potential during
live line work, in order to prevent flashover and provide for worker
safety. |
| Live line permit |
A permit issued by the system controller or equivalent
to verify to a live line work party that the control measures are
in place on the circuit being worked on and to authorise work. |
| Live line rope |
Rope that is specially designed, manufactured, tested
and maintained so as to have very high insulating qualities and may
be intentionally placed across phase to phase or phase to earth air
gaps. |
| Live line work |
Any high-voltage work performed under approved procedures
inside the minimum approach distance (MAD), on or near components
of a line capableof being energised to high voltage without implementing
the full protective practice of isolating, proving de-energised and
earthing. |
| Live line stick (hot stick) |
A solid or filled stick of insulating material specially
designed, approved and tested for use in physically bridging the distance
between; the lineworker and energised components; or the energised
components and earth; or adjacent phases; or to enable physical loads
to be taken or tools to be applied. |
| Live load |
That portion of a load which does not include any part
of the scaffolding or decking supporting the load, and comprises the
weight of workers and/or materials. |
| Livened |
Connected to a source of electric current. |
| Livestock |
Cattle, sheep, horses, swine, goats, deer, poultry,
bees, fish, and other animals kept for commercial or domestic purposes. |
| Load |
The object being handled or the forces being applied. |
| Load |
In relation to road transport includes part of a load;
and includes covers, ropes, ties, blocks, tackles, barrows, or other
equipment or object used in the securing or containing of loads on
vehicles or the loading or unloading of vehicles, whether or not any
other load is on the vehicle; but does not include animal wastes discharged
from animals being carried on a vehicle at the time. |
| Load anchorage point |
A device permanently attached to a vehicle to enable
a load to be secured or attached to the vehicle |
| Load backrest |
On a forklift, that portion of the carriage and forks
serving to restrain the load when the load is tilted rearward or upward. |
| Load backrest extension |
On a forklift, a removable device that increases the
load restraining area beyond that provided by the load backrest. |
| Load engaging means |
A term for (but not limited to) forks, clamps, jibs
or attachments for the carrying of loads by a forklift. |
| Load-handling device |
A device that is an integral part of the crane; and
that may be substituted for the hook; and includes lifting beams,
lifting frames and spreaders or similar devices and associated chains,
pins, pulley blocks, pulley frames, ropes, shackles, twist locks and
wires. |
| Load index |
A numerical system of marking tyres to indicate their
load-carrying limits. The load index is related to ply rating. |
| Load indicating device |
A device that measures and displays the weight being
lifted or force being applied. |
| Load lines |
The marks indicating several maximum depths to which
a ship is permitted to be loaded in various circumstances prescribed
by maritime rules or regulations. |
| Load moment |
The load x the horizontal distance from the centre
of rotation to the hook. |
| Load moment indicator |
A device that indicates the load moment. |
| Load moment limiter |
A device that is preset prior to operation, that limits
the lifting capacity at any given crane configuration. |
| Load radius indicator |
A device fitted on a crane which shows the distance
to the hook measured from the centre of the slew. |
| Load range |
The term 'Load Range', and its designating letter,
is used to identify a given tyre size with its load and inflation
limits when used for a specific type of service, as defined in the
TRA tables. Load ranges are normally only used on tyres of USA or
Canadian manufacture. (A = 2PR, B = 4PR, C = 6PR etc.) |
| Load rating |
The maximum force that can be withstood without incurring
any loss of structural capacity. |
| Load securing equipment |
Equipment or a device permanently fitted to a vehicle
to secure, either by itself or in conjunction with other equipment
or devices such as lashings, a load to a vehicle. |
| Load-sharing trailer |
A type of short, load-sharing semi-trailer, that is
not designed to directly carry any goods, and that has one or more
axles equipped with a kingpin, a fifth wheel and other parts necessary
for attaching it to the rear end of a towing vehicle and the front
portion of a second gooseneck trailer. |
| Loaded section width |
The width of the cross section of a tyre under load. |
| Loader |
A self-propelled crawler or wheeled machine with an
integral front-mounted bucket supporting structure and linkage, which
loads or excavates through motion of the machine and lifts, transports
and discharges materials. |
| Local authority |
A regional council or territorial authority. |
| Local effects |
Harmful effects at the point of contact or entry into
the body (as opposed to systemic effects). |
| Local exhaust ventilation |
Ventilation system for removing harmful fumes from
a worker's breathing zone. |
| Lockout |
A condition in which the device or system under consideration
has been turned off and can be restarted only after the fault has
been corrected and the system checked by the qualified operator or
responsible person. |
| Lockout |
A safety shut-down condition of the control system
that requires a manual reset in order to restart. |
| Lockout |
An act that:
(a) is the act of an employer
(i) in closing the employer's place of business, or suspending or
discontinuing the employer's business or any branch of that business;
or
(ii) in discontinuing the employment of any employees; or
(iii) in breaking some or all of the employer's employment agreements;
or
(iv) in refusing or failing to engage employees for any work for which
the employer usually employs employees; and
(b) is done with a view to compelling employees, or to aid another
employer in compelling employees, to
(i) accept terms of employment; or
(ii) comply with demands made by the employer. |
| Lockout device |
A mechanical locking system to prevent a machine being
started while repairs are being carried out. |
| LOD |
Limit of detection. |
| Log |
(1) Stem, or length of stem, of a tree after felling
and cross-cutting.
(2) To harvest (extract) trees or logs from a forest. |
| Log band breakdown saw |
A log breakdown saw that is fitted with a blade in
the form of a continuous band or strap with continuous series of notches
or teeth on one or both edges of the band and running over a pair
of wheels or pulleys that are mounted either vertically or horizontally.
|
| Log breakdown saw |
A woodworking machine that is used for reducing logs
to flitches or sawn timber. |
| Log carriage |
A carriage that is used for conveying logs into a log
breakdown saw. |
| Logbook |
The official logbook prescribed by Part 73 of the Maritime
Rules or required by the New Zealand Safe Ship Management Code as
appropriate for the ship. |
| Logging |
Tree felling by manual or mechanical means for the
purpose of extracting logs, poles and posts, including the preparation
and extraction of logs for processing or loading out. |
| Logging bolster |
A vertically orientated member attached to a vehicle
that is used to secure loads of timber logs. |
| Logging system |
Method of harvesting, usually with a descriptive term
such as skyline, skidder, mechanised, etc. |
| Logic |
System of determining output signals from combinations
of input signals. |
| Long line |
A helicopter load line attached to the belly hook. |
| Long span skidding |
Cable system capable of hauling drags or loads for
1000 m or more. |
| Loose cargo gear |
An article of equipment by means of which a load can
be attached to a lifting appliance but which does not form an integral
part of the appliance or load. Loose cargo gear includes any steel
wire rope, shackle, block, hook, clamp, tray, crate, tub, grab, or
other receptacle used to convey any cargo, personnel cradle, pallet
bar, connecting plate, swivel, ring, chain, beam sling, overhauling
weight, lifting beam, spreader, lifting frame, magnetic lifting device,
vacuum lifting device or any other similar device that is designed
or used to facilitate loading or unloading of cargo; but does not
include containers as defined by the International Convention for
Safe Containers 1972 (CSC). |
| Loose materials |
Solid material in particle form that is capable of
subsiding or flowing in such a manner as to trap or engulf a person,
e.g. sand, grain, fertilser, sawdust. |
| Loose pulley |
(Opposite of fast pulley). A flat belt pulley running
free on a shaft, so that when a belt is shifted on to it, no motion
will be transmitted between the pulley and the shaft. |
| Lopping/Layering |
Process of felling existing trees onto the ground while
maintaining adequate connection with the stump. |
| Lost time accident |
An event that causes an injury or illness of such
a nature that, following basic first aid treatment, prevents the sufferer
from returning to their normal work. |
| Loose gear |
Covers any gear by means of which a load can be attached
to a lifting machine or appliance but does not form part of the machine,
appliance or load. |
| Lordosis |
The natural curve at the base of the spine, curved
forwards when standing erect (as opposed to kyphosis, at the thoracic
end of the spine). |
| Low back pain |
A common musculoskeletal disorder related to work.
Chronic low back pain is a major cause of disability and cost. A wide
range of occupations, work tasks, workplace factors and psychological
factors have been associated with low back pain, with heavy lifting
the task most commonly associated. |
| Low explosive |
An explosive having a VOD of less than 1500 m/s. Blasting
powder is a low explosive. |
| Low pressure (LP) |
An operating pressure of 7 kPa or less. |
| Low pressure liquefiable gas |
(a) A gas which has a critical temperature above 70°C;
and (b) a toxic substance which is liquid at a pressure of 101 kPa
at 0°C but which boils at or below 300°C at that pressure. |
| Low pressure steam wells |
Steam-producing wells with a measured shutin wellhead
pressure of less than 35 kPa. |
| Low profile tyres |
Any tyre having a section height to section width ratio
(aspect ratio) of 80% or lower. |
| Low risk biological product |
A biological product that has a low probability of
containing pathogens of risk group 2 or 3 (as defined by the World
Health Organisation) and includes a biological product that is transported
for routine screening tests or is defined as a low risk biological
product in guidelines issued by the relevant regulatory authority |
| Lower body harness |
An assembly of a body belt and leg loops for use as
a work positioning device and for use where there is likelihood of
restrained or limited free fall only. It may also have shoulder straps
and/or a sitting strap. Note: A lower body harness is equivalent to
a 'work positioning harness' as defined in AS/NZS 1891.1 (clause 1.3.23)
and described in AS/NZS 1891.4
(clause 4.1.3). It is also permissible to use it where a limited free
fall may occur. Note: A lower body harness is also equivalent to a
'sit harness' when it is designed to suspend the wearer in a sitting
position, eg. it has a sitting strap included. |
Lower limit on effective
dose01 (LED01) |
The 95% lower confidence limit of the dose of a chemical
needed to produce a 1% increase of an adverse effect in those exposed
to the chemical, or a 1% of the maximal response, relative to control. |
| Lowest observable adverse effect level (LOAEL) |
The lowest exposure of a chemical in a study, or group
of studies, that produces statistically or biologically significant
increases in frequency or severity of adverse effects between the
exposed group and its appropriate control group. |
| LPGA |
Liquefied Petroleum Gas Association of New Zealand. |
| LPGITA |
The UK LP Gas Association. |
| LSA |
Lifesaving appliance. |
| LTSA |
Land Transport Safety Authority - now known as Land
Transport New Zealand (LTNZ). |
| Luffing |
The raising and lowering of the crane boom. |
| Lumbar spine |
The lower end of the spine, often known as the 'small
of the back'. It extends to the pelvis and exhibits lordosis (is bent
forward). |
| Lumbar vertebrae |
The vertebrae, or spinal bones, present in the lumbar
spine. |
| Luminaire |
A lighting fixture - the lamp and its mounting and
light control surfaces. |
| Luminance |
The amount of light given off by lamp or other body.
This includes reflected light and emitted light, and the unit of measurement
is the candela per sq m (cd/m2). |
| Lump sum compensation |
A one-off, non-taxable payment to compensate for permanent
impairment resulting from an injury covering injuries occurring on
or after 1 April 2002. |
| Lung cancer |
A malignant disease of the respiratory tree and gas
exchange areas of the lung. The main exposures associated with lung
cancer are asbestos, arsenic, beryllium, cadmium, chromium VI, diesel
fumes, nickel, radon, silica, soots, bis-(chloro-methyl) ether and
environmental tobacco smoke. |
| Lux |
The SI unit of measurement of illuminance. It is equal
to one lumen per square metre (lm m2). It's the same as the 'metre
candle'. |
| LV |
Low voltage. |
| LWOP |
Leave without pay. |
| Lycopodium |
A combustible, organic dust used by pyrotechnicians
for fire effects. |
| m |
Metres. |
| mm |
Millimetres. |
| Mach number |
The ratio of true airspeed to the speed of sound. |
| Machine-lifted platform |
A working platform which is moved into any working
position by a power-operated machine to which it is attached. |
| Machine mass |
The manufacturer's maximum recommended mass for the
machine including attachments with all reservoirs full to capacity,
and tools and operator protective structure fitted, but not including:
(a) any equipment towed by that machine; or
(b) kingpins, hitches or steering components attached to hitches or
towed units; or
(c) material dug, carried or handled in any manner by a machine. |
| Machine pacing |
Where a person's work rate is determined by the rate
at which a machine operates. |
| Machinery |
An engine, motor, or other appliance that provides
mechanical energy derived from compressed air, the combustion of fuel,
electricity, gas, gaseous products, steam, water, wind, or any other
source; and includes:
(a) any plant by or to which the motion of any machinery is transmitted;
and
(b) a lifting machine, a lifting vehicle, a machine whose motive power
is wholly or partly generated by the human body, and a tractor. |
| Machinery spaces |
On a ship, means those machinery spaces of Category
A and all other spaces containing propulsion machinery, boilers, fuel
oil units, steam and internal combustion engines, generators, steering
gear , major electrical machinery, oil filling stations, refrigerating,
stabilising, ventilating and air conditioning machinery and similar
spaces, and trunks to such spaces. |
| Machinery spaces of Category A |
On a ship, means those spaces and trunks to such spaces
that contain:
(a) internal combustion machinery used for main propulsion; or
(b) internal combustion machinery used for purposes other than main
propulsion where such machinery has in the aggregate a total power
output of not less than 375 kW; or
(c) any oil-fired boiler or oil fuel unit. |
| Macroinvertebrate |
Freshwater insects, molluscs, crustaceans, annelids,
hydroids and flatworms living amongst surficial stream bed substrate
or on instream vegetation. |
| MAF |
Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry. |
| Magazine |
Any building, chamber, cave, pit, cellar, hulk, floating
vessel, or place in which explosives or partly manufactured exposives
are stored. |
| Magnetic chuck |
A work-holding device which holds the workpiece by
magnetism. Used only with iron and steel. |
| MAGS |
Metal arc gas-shielded. Alternative names: MIG metal
inert gas, MAG metal active gas, GMAW gas metal arc welding, CO2 welding,
semi-automatic welding. |
| Mahinga kai |
Food-gathering practices and traditional Maori foods
including indigenous shellfish, inland fish (eels, freshwater crayfish)
and plants (puha, kumara etc). |
| Main |
Continuous pipe used for the conveyance of gas from
points of supply, generally running within the road corridor and from
which individual service pipes for other parts of the distribution
network are supplied. |
| Main earthing system |
An earthing system of an electrical installation:
(a) that operates at standard low voltage; and
(b) that incorporates both an earth electrode and an earthing lead
that is connected at that earth electrode and at the switchboard. |
| Main earthing wire |
A wire that connects the earth electrode to the earth
bar of the main switchboard. Colour: green or green/yellow. |
| Main equipotential bonding wire |
A wire that connects any equipotentially bonded metal
to an earth electrode or earth bar on the main switchboard. Colour:
green or green/yellow. |
| Mainrope |
(Synonym: mainline) The wire rope used to pull the
carriage or butt rigging in to the landing. |
| Mainrope swivel |
(Synonym: Three-way swivel) A swivel in the butt rigging
with a side lug and ring to which other fittings can be attached. |
| Mains |
Those fittings forming part of an electrical installation
that are used for the supply of electricity to the main switchboard
of that installation. |
| Maintenance |
All actions necessary for retaining an asset as near
as practicable to its original condition, but excluding rehabilitation
or replacement. |
| Maintenance personnel |
Employees who service, inspect, clean, or maintain
equipment. |
| Maintenance plan |
Collated information, policies and procedures for the
optimum maintenance of an asset, or group of assets. |
| Major industrial accident |
An unexpected, usually sudden occurrence including,
in particular, a major emission, fire or explosion, resulting from
abnormal developments in the course of an industrial activity, leading
to a serious danger to workers, the public or the environment, whether
immediate or delayed, inside or outside the installation and involving
one or more hazardous substances. |
| Major non-conformity |
An identifiable deviation which poses a serious threat
to personnel or ship safety or a serious risk to the marine environment,
and requires immediate corrective action; and includes a lack of effective
and systematic implementation of a requirement of the International
Safety Management Code. |
| Malignant mesothelioma |
A malignant disease of the inside lining of the chest
wall (pleura), pericardium and abdomen (peritoneum). The latency between
exposure and development of disease is in the order of 20 to 50 or
more years. Asbestos is the only known cause, and the vast majority
of this exposure occurs in an occupational context. |
| Mandrel |
A special shaft used for mounting a workpiece which
is rotated during machining, e.g. a workpiece in a lathe, or a gear
wheel while the teeth are being cut. |
| Manipulative tasks |
Tasks that require an object of some sort to be held
and worked on at the same time. |
| Manned steering jinker |
A specialised load-bearing vehicle that is steered
by an operator and that is used to carry the rear of a long load. |
| Manoeuvring area |
That part of an aerodrome to be used for the take-off
and landing of aircraft and for the surface movement of aircraft associated
with takeoff and landing; but does not include areas set aside for
loading, off-loading, or maintenance of aircraft. |
| Mantoux test |
The test used to assess tuberculin sensitivity, as
an indicator of previous TB exposure, potential risk from exposure,
and past BCG status. In New Zealand the standard Mantoux test is performed
using 5TU of PPD. See Tuberculin skin test. |
| Mantoux conversion |
Two Mantoux results (not less than eight weeks apart),
where the first result is negative and the second is positive (as
defined above), and where the second result is greater than the first
by 10 mm or more. |
| Manual handling |
Any activity requiring a person to interact with their
environment and use any part of their muscles or skeletal system to
lift, lower, push, pull, carry, throw, move, restrain or hold any
animate, or inanimate, object. |
| Manual handling task |
A specific manual handling action or activity. It may
be one part of a job. |
| Manual shut-off valve |
A manually operated valve which allows a gas appliance
or a section of consumer piping to be shut off. |
| Manufacturer |
The person or organisation that builds machinery or
equipment for distribution to end users, either through dealers or
directly to end users. |
| Manufacturer's maintenance programme |
A programme that is contained in a maintenance manual
or the instructions for continued airworthiness published by the manufacturer
as required by the certificating authority for the aircraft, aircraft
engines, propellers, rotors, appliances, emergency equipment, and
parts. |
| Manufacturer's operating limits |
Means:
(a) in relation to a vehicle, the allowance provided by the vehicle
manufacturer in terms of performance capability and dimensions, relative
to deterioration, malfunction or damage beyond which the safe performance
of the vehicle, as defined by the vehicle manufacturer, is compromised,
and
(b) in relation to a system, component or item of equipment, incorporated
in or attached to a vehicle, the allowance provided by the system,
component or equipment manufacturer in terms of performance capability
and dimensions, relative to the deterioration, malfunction or damage,
beyond which the safe performance of the system, component or item
of equipment (and consequently the vehicle) is compromised. |
| Marae |
Includes the area of land on which all buildings such
as the wharenui (meeting house), the wharekai (dining room), ablution
blocks, and any other associated buildings are situated. |
| Margin line |
On a ship, means a line drawn at least 76 mm below
the upper surface of the bulkhead deck at side. |
| Margin of safety |
The ratio between a derived exposure level that is
considered to be without an appreciable risk of an adverse health
effect and the estimated exposure of a population. |
| Marine farm |
Means all that part of the area that is being or has
been developed into a farm for the farming of fish or marine vegetation;
and includes all structures, whether floating or submerged, and rafts
used in the area in connection with the farm, and all boundary markings,
and all fish or marine vegetation for the time being farmed. |
| Marine farming |
In relation to any species of fish or marine vegetation,
means the breeding, cultivating, and rearing of any such fish including
spat catching or the cultivating of any such vegetation, as the case
may be whether for commercial or research purposes. |
| Marine interests |
For the purposes of Part XX of the Maritime Transport
Act 1994 (Protection of the marine environment from hazardous ships,
structures and offshore operations) these are interests related to,
or affected by, the marine environment, including a wide range of
business activities, tourist attractions, public health and welfare,
and the conservation of living marine resources and wildlife. |
| Marine operations |
Operations which facilitate the safe use of a harbour
by vessels. They include, but are not limited to, directing shipping,
the regulation of safety of navigation, pilotage, communication between
vessels and the shore, the maintenance of aids to navigation and dredging
within the harbour. |
| Marine protection rules |
Rules aimed at preventing pollution of the sea from
ships and the disposal of waste. Marine protection rule-making powers
cover the implementation of international conventions and standards
for protection of the marine environment; marine protection documents;
dumping of waste at sea; oil spill contingency plans; and controls
in relation to harmful substances, including the discharge of produced
water from offshore installations. |
| Maritime radio service |
Public maritime radio service provided by Maritime New Zealand for the purposes of continuously monitoring safety
calling frequencies, providing distress and safety communications
and enhancing safety through the dissemination of Maritime Safety
Information, including weather and navigational information. The service
includes the MF/HF station, TAUPO Maritime Radio, the coastal VHF
stations and Inmarsat-C satellite services. |
| Maritime rules |
Rules relating to the safety of ships and people. These
rules contain the detailed technical, documentary and procedural standards
for the navigation and operation of ships. Their content covers design,
construction, equipment, crewing, operation, tonnage measurement,
carriage of passengers and cargoes, and the health and safety of seafarers.
Many of the standards are based on international ship safety conventions. |
| Maritime New Zealand |
The authority with statutory responsibilities for administration
of maritime safety and maritime pollution matters. |
| Maritime Safety Inspector |
An employee of Maritime New Zealand who has the appropriate
delegations from the Director for the scope of work being undertaken.
|
| Marking |
In relation to the land transport of dangerous goods,
means the written identification of the dangerous goods appearing
on or attached to a package or container of dangerous goods; and 'marked'
has a corresponding meaning. |
| Marlin spike |
An iron or steel hand tool, tapered to a point, which
is used to separate the strands of a wire rope when splicing. |
| MARPOL |
International Convention for the Provision of Pollution
from Ships. Aims to eliminate pollution of the sea by oil and other
toxic substances that might be discharged operationally or released
accidentally as a result of collisions or stranding by ships. |
| Marry |
To fit together separate strands of rope to conform
to the original structure of the rope. |
| Mass [Molar] concentration |
Quotient of the mass [number of moles] of each component
to the volume of the gas mixture under specified conditions of pressure
and temperature. NOTE: The mass and molar concentrations depend on
the pressure and temperature of the gas mixture. |
| Mass-filling ratio |
The ratio between the greatest mass of LP Gas permitted
in a container and the mass of water at 15°C which would completely
fill the container. |
| Master |
In relation to any ship, means any person (except a
pilot) having command or charge of the ship; and, in relation to any
boat belonging to a ship, means the master of the ship; and, in relation
to any other boat or to any lighter, means the person having command
or charge of the boat. |
| Mast |
On a forklift, the support member providing the guideways
permitting vertical movement of the carriage. it is usually constructed
in the form of channels or similar sections providing the supporting
pathway for the carriage rollers. |
| Masthead light |
A white light placed over the fore and aft centreline
of the vessel showing an unbroken light over an arc of the horizon
of 225 degrees and fixed to show the light from right ahead to 22.5
degrees (2 points) abaft the beam on both sides of the vessel. |
| Mate ohorere |
Sudden death. |
| Material measure |
device intended to reproduce or supply, in a permanent
manner during its use, one or more known values of a given quantity.
NOTE: The quantity concerned may be called the supplied quantity. |
| Material safety data sheet (MSDS) |
A document that describes the properties and uses of
a substance, that is, identity, chemical and physical properties,
health hazard information, precautions for use, and safe handling
information. |
| Matter |
In CIMS an applications are called matters. |
| Matter item |
Each application has a matter type associated with
it. |
| Matter item type |
Each application has a matter type associated with
it, e.g. PG - Unjustified Dismissal. |
| Mattock |
A hand tool used for grubbing into heavy roots, gravel,
and rocky ground. |
| Matauranga Maori |
Traditional Maori knowledge. |
| Mauri |
Spiritual integrity or life-force; for Maori all things
have an inner spiritual force, the mauri. |
| Maximum acceptable value (MAV) |
The concentration of a determinand below which the
presence of the determinand does not result in any significant risk
to a consumer over a lifetime of consumption. For carcinogenic chemicals,
the MAVs set in the Drinking-Water Standards for New Zealand generally
represent a risk of one additional incidence of cancer per 100 000
people ingesting the water at the concentration of the MAV for 70
years. |
| Maximum allowable operating pressure (MAOP |
The maximum pressure that can be sustained with a factor
of safety, by the type of class of pipe or fitting for its estimated
useful life under the anticipated operating conditions. |
| Maximum certificated take-off weight |
In relation to an aircraft, means the weight specified
as the maximum take-off weight of the aircraft in a flight manual
or airworthiness certificate relating to the aircraft. |
| Maximum inflation pressure (tyre) |
Maximum cold pressure required to carry the maximum
load. |
| Maximum load |
Maximum carrying capacity of a tyre when run at maximum
inflation pressure, at a given speed. |
| Maximum zero fuel weight |
The maximum permissible weight of an aircraft with
no disposable fuel or oil. The zero fuel weight figure may be found
in either the aircraft type certificate data sheet, the approved Aircraft
Flight Manual, or both. |
| Maul |
Heavy wooden mallet used to drive wedges. |
| Mauri |
Life force, spirit. |
| Mayday |
The distress signal. This signal indicates that a ship
or aircraft or person is in grave and imminent danger and immediate
assistance is required. |
| MBL |
Minimum breaking load. |
| MCA |
Ministry of Consumer Affairs. |
| McCleod tool |
A rake-like tool used for scraping and grubbing into
sub-surface fires. |
| MCDEM |
Ministry of Civil Defence and Emergency Management. |
| MCNZ |
Medical Council of New Zealand. |
| MCS |
Multiple chemical sensitivity (or sensitivities). |
| MDF |
Medium-density fibreboard. |
| MDI |
4,4 diphenylmethane diisocyanate. See Isocyanates. |
| Mean radiant temperature |
A physical measure of thermal environmental conditions.
It is obtained from globe temperature, corrected for air temperature
and air velocity. Integrated with other measures to predict the mean
thermal sensation (comfort) scale and thus the percentage of people
likely to complain about the thermal conditions. Along with other
factors, it provides an indication of possible local thermal discomfort.
|
| Means of escape from fire |
In relation to a building which has a floor area, means
continuous unobstructed routes of travel from any part of a floor
area of that building to a place of safety; and includes all active
and passive protection features required to assist in protecting people
from the effects of the fire in the course of their escape. |
| Mechanical splice |
An alloy, copper or steel sleeve fitting pressed onto
wire, generally to form an eye in the wire. |
| Mediastinum |
Membranous middle septum between the lungs. |
| Mediation |
A process by which a mediator assists the parties to
resolve their differences. |
| Mediator |
A person employed by the Employment Relations Service
to provide mediation services. |
| Medical misadventure |
A personal injury resulting from treatment by a registered
health professional or, in limited circumstances, a hospital or medical
laboratory. |
| Medical Officer of Health |
Medical officers of health are specialists in public
health medicine and are usually employed by public health services
in DHBs. Some cover more than one DHB. Medical officers of health
are designated by the Director-General of Health of the Ministry of
Health. |
| Medical physicist |
A person holding a licence under the Radiation Protection
Act 1965 for the purpose of Medical Physics. |
| Medical practitioner |
A health practitioner who:
(a) is, or is deemed to be, registered with the Medical Council of
New Zealand continued by section 114(1)(a) of the Health Practitioners
Competence Assurance Act 2003 as a practitioner of the profession
of medicine; and
(b) holds a current practising certificate. |
| Medical radiation technologist (MRT) |
A person who has undergone a recognised course of training
of duration of several years, including requisite experience, and
is registered or certificated to perform radiography occupationally.
Previously known as radiographers. |
| Medical therapy |
The performance of a procedure on a patient intended
to have a curative or palliative effect on a confirmed disease. |
| Medicine |
Any substance or article, other than a medical device,
that is manufactured, imported, sold, or supplied wholly or principally:
(a) for administering to one or more human beings for a therapeutic
purpose; or
(b) for use as an ingredient in the preparation of any substance or
article that is to be administered to one or more human beings for
a therapeutic purpose, where it is so used
(i) in a pharmacy or a hospital; or
(ii) by a practitioner, or registered midwife, or designated prescriber,
or in accordance with a standing order; or
(iii) in the course of any business that consists of or includes the
retail sale, or the supply in circumstances corresponding to retail
sale, of herbal remedies; or
(c) for use as a pregnancy test. |
| Medium pressure (MP) |
An operating pressure greater than 7 kPa, but not exceeding
700 kPa. |
| Medium-term outcome |
A state or condition that is a contributing factor
towards an outcome. It leads towards the outcome, but is not the result
itself. |
| Medsafe |
The NZ Medicines and Medical Devices Safety Authority. |
| Melanoma |
A malignant disease of the melanin-containing cells
of the skin. The only occupational exposure strongly implicated as
increasing the risk of malignant melanoma is sunlight. |
| Melting point |
A temperature in at which a substance can exist in
solid and liquid form. Normally measured in C° at 760 mm Hg. |
| Membrane filter method |
A method using phase contrast microscopy for estimating
airborne asbestos fibre concentrations. |
| MEN switchboard |
A switchboard that has a connection to an earth electrode
via an earthing lead, and a connection between earth and neutral made
by a removable link, for the purposes of a MEN system. |
| Mental disorder |
In relation to any person, means an abnormal state
of mind (whether of a continuous or an intermittent nature), characterised
by delusions, or by disorders of mood or perception or volition or
cognition, of such a degree that it:
(a) poses a serious danger to the health or safety of that person
or of others; or
(b) seriously diminishes the capacity of that person to take care
of himself or herself. 'Mentally disordered', in relation to any such
person, has a corresponding meaning. |
| Mental injury |
A clinically significant behavioural, cognitive or
psychological dysfunction. |
| Mercaptan |
A chemical compound or compounds of the mercaptan family,
including tertiary butyl mercaptan (commonly used in odorant blends
for reticulated gas) and ethyl mercaptan (commonly used as an odorant
for LPG in containers). |
| Mesh |
(1) Woven or welded wire mesh (which is commonly used
for guards).
(2) Two parts, e.g. gear wheels, chain and sprocket etc., which have
teeth or similar devices which fit together snugly without being permanently
fixed are said to mesh together. |
| Mesothelioma |
See Malignant mesothelioma. |
| Metabolism |
The breakdown in the body of nutrients (glucose or
glycogen) to release energy rich phosphates (ATP), along with waste
products such as CO2, H2O (and lactic acid if anaerobic). |
| Metabolite |
In physiology, any product yielded by or taking part
in the chemical processes essential to life. |
| Metalliferous mine |
(a) Any place where any person works above or below
ground for the purpose of
(i) extracting any mineral from the earth; or
(ii) processing any mineral extracted from the earth at that place;
and
(b) includes any place where any person works below ground for the
purpose of
(i) extracting any material, other than any coal or any mineral, from
the earth; or
(ii) processing any material, other than any coal or any mineral,
extracted from the earth at that place; and
(c) includes any place in which any mineral or material extracted
or processed as described in paragraph (a) or paragraph (b) of this
definition is (i) crushed or screened; or (ii) extracted from any
other mineral or material extracted or processed as described in paragraph
(a) or paragraph (b) of this definition. |
| Metal working |
The working of any metal by any process of flame cutting,
welding, brazing, or silver soldering, involving the use of any gas. |
| Metal fume fever |
A flu-like illness resulting from exposure to fumes
from welding or gas cutting zinc, lead, copper or other metals. |
| Meteorological service |
Any of the following services that provide meteorological
information in support of aviation:
(1) Climatology service: a service for the development and supply
of climatological information for a specific place or airspace:
(2) Forecast service: a service for the supply of forecast meteorological
information for a specific area or portion of airspace:
(3) Information dissemination service: a service for the collection
and dissemination of meteorological information:
(4) Meteorological briefing service: a service for the supply of written
and oral meteorological information on existing and expected meteorological
conditions:
(5) Meteorological reporting service: a service for the supply of
routine meteorological reports:
(6) Meteorological watch service: a service for maintaining a watch
over meteorological conditions affecting aircraft operations in a
specific area. |
| Methanol |
Light, volatile, flammable, poisonous, liquid alcohol
(CH3OH). |
| Methyl bromide |
Synonym: Bromomethane. Chemical formula: CH3Br. A highly
toxic fumigant used for soils, grains, silos, mills, warehouses, vaults,
ships, buildings, and rail cars, shipping containers, motor vehicles
and general commodities. Most commonly used to fumigate against insect
pests and rodents under import and export bio-security agreements. |
| Methylated spirits |
A mixture containing more than 90% denatured ethanol
(whether it contains methanol or not). |
| MFE |
Ministry for the Environment. |
| MF/HF |
Medium and High Frequency. Used to describe frequencies
or channels in the range 300 kHz - 30 MHz. SSB (single side band)
radios are used for communication in the MF/HF bands. |
| mg/kg bw |
Milligrams of substance per kilogram of bodyweight. |
| mg/l |
Milligrams per litre. |
| mg/L |
Milligrams of substance per litre of air. |
| MHz |
Megahertz, one million hertz. |
| MIC |
Minimum inhibitory concentration. |
| Micrograms per cubic metre (µg/m3) |
One millionth of a gram of a substance in a cubic metre
of air. |
| Microlight aircraft |
A basic low-performance aircraft designed to carry
not more than 2 persons which meets low-momentum parameters that are
acceptable to the Director. |
| Micrometre |
l µm represents one thousandth of a millimetre.
(A strand of human hair is approximately 50 µm in diameter.)
|
| Micron |
One millionth of a metre (µm). |
| Micropause |
A brief pause to relax the muscles. The greater the
relaxation, the more beneficial the micropause. They ought to be taken
frequently - 5-10 seconds every 3 minutes - for the greatest effect.
The micropause allows blood to flow again in a muscle that has been
tense. |
| MicroTesla |
A unit of magnetic flux density - how strong the magnetic
field is. |
| Microwave |
Radiofrequencies greater than 300 MHz. |
| MIG welder |
Metal inert gas welder. Welder designed to provide
a strong weld and not damage thinner metals now on vehicles, using
different combinations of gas to shield the arc from environmental
conditions. See also MAGS. |
| Mild traumatic brain injury |
(Also known as post-concussive syndrome) Avaguely
defined condition characterised by physical, cognitive and/or psychosocial
disability that follows from a significant blow to the head without
obvious physical injury to the brain. |
| Mile |
A standard nautical mile of 1852 metres. |
| Milliamperes |
Thousandths of amperes. 1 mA = 10-3 A |
| Milligrams per cubic metre (mg/m3) |
One thousandth of a gram of a substance in a cubic
metre of air. |
| Millimetre tyres |
Tyres marked with the section width in millimetres,
and the rim diameter in inches, e.g. 165 R 13. |
| Mine |
Any place where a person works above or below ground
for the purpose of extracting or processing coal or any mineral from
the earth. |
| Mineral |
A mineral, mineral substance, metal, or precious stone;
but does not include clay, coal, gravel, limestone, sand, or stone. |
| Mineral pool |
A pool or spa supplied directly with geothermal fluid,
or partial geothermal fluid. |
| Minihauler |
A small mobile hauler with light hauling ropes and
a short tower with two or three guyropes, and used mainly for thinning
operations. |
Minimal risk level
(MRL) |
An estimate of daily human exposure to a hazardous
substance that is likely to be without an appreciable risk of adverse
non-cancer health effects over a specified route and duration of exposure.
MRLs are derived using the NOAEL/LOAEL plus safety factor approach.
Generally, MRLs established by the ATSDR are based on the most sensitive
chemical-induced endpoint considered to be of relevance to humans. |
| Minimum approach distance |
The minimum distances when approaching live conductors
that shall apply to any person who is not a competent live line lineworker,
and include conductive material carried by them, vehicles, and mobile
plant. These distances apply to any part of the line mechanic's body
or clothing and to anything in contact with the line mechanic, e.g.
tools, ladders and scaffold poles (except live line tools and voltage
detectors). |
| Minimum breaking load (MBL) |
The maximum certified test load that a rope will carry
without parting. |
| Minimum descent altitude |
A specified altitude, referenced to mean sea level,
in a non-precision approach or circling approach below which an aircraft
descent may not be made without visual reference. |
| Minimum dual spacing |
The minimum recommended distance between centrelines
of dual-mounted tyres to avoid touching or chafing in the flex area. |
| Minimum ignition temperature |
The lowest temperature at which flame propagation occurs
in a dust suspension. |
| Minister |
The Minister of the Crown who, under the authority
of any warrant or with the authority of the Prime Minister, is for
the time being responsible for the administration of the HSE Act.
|
| Miscellaneous dangerous substances and articles
|
(Class 9 dangerous goods) Any substance or article
presenting a danger for transport and that is not covered by other
classes. This includes substances transported at temperatures of 100
°C or higher in a liquid state or 240°C or higher in a solid
state. |
| Miscibility |
The property enabling two or more liquids to mix in
any proportion to form a solution. |
| Mists |
Airborne droplets. The droplets may carry substances
in solution or particles in suspension. Mists are usually formed by
the condensation of a vapour but may be produced by the atomisation
of a liquid. |
| Mitt |
Leather protective mitt attached to the front handle
of a chainsaw to keep the hand on the saw in case of kickback. |
| Mixed load |
A load comprised of different classes or divisions
of dangerous goods, or dangerous goods and other goods from which
they must be segregated. |
| MLS |
Microwave landing system. |
| mm Hg |
Millimetres of mercury (Hg). This is a unit of pressure.
(See also Pascal). |
| MMA |
Manual metal arc. Alternative name: electric arc welding. |
| Mobile crane |
A non-load carrying self-propelled vehicle designed
solely or principally for lifting objects using a boom with lifting
gear. |
| Mobile electrical plant |
(a) Self-propelled plant that is capable of moving
while energised by a trailing cable; and
(b) portable plant that is capable of being moved while energised
by a trailing cable. |
| Mobile garbage bins |
Bins with wheels and handle which are easily mobile
and usually plastic, in which waste and recoverable resources are
placed prior to removable for disposal or processing. |
| Mobile gas appliance |
A gas appliance fitted with wheels which is designed
to be easily moved by one person. |
| Mobile hauler |
A cable hauler with an integral tower, mounted on a
tracked or rubber-tyred carrier. |
| Mobile installation |
An installation that is designed or intended to be
moved from place to place without major dismantling or modification,
whether or not it has its own motive power. |
| Mobile offshore drilling unit |
A mechanically propelled unit or vessel that is capable
of engaging in drilling operations for the exploration for, or exploitation
of, resources beneath the seabed such as liquid or gaseous hydrocarbons,
sulphur, or salt. |
| Mobile plant |
Any self-propelled mechanical plant, such as wheel
and crawler tractors, excavators, skidders, graders, loaders. |
| Mobile tailhold |
A self-propelled unit (bulldozer or excavator) which
is attached to ropes and blocks used in hauler operations. |
| Mobile tailspar |
Short spar, usually mounted on a crawler tractor, used
to facilitate rope shift and increase clearance. |
| Mode of transmission |
The mechanisms by which an infectious agent is spread
to humans, including direct (skin to skin, sexual intercourse, etc)
and indirect (airborne, vector-borne, etc). |
| Model life table |
A standard or reference life table used to estimate
life expectancy remaining at age of death (ie the health loss function)
for calculation of YLL. |
| Modification |
Any change, alteration, addition to or removal from
the original equipment or component, made in such a manner that the
changed or altered portions or function of the equipment or component
are different from the manufacturer's original design, specification
or use. |
| Modify |
In relation to a vehicle, means to change the vehicle
from its original state by altering, substituting, adding or removing
any structure, system, component or equipment; but does not include
repair. |
| MOH |
Ministry of Health. |
| MOJ |
Ministry of Justice. |
| Mole |
Amount of substance of any chemical species which contains
the relative molecular mass. NOTE: A table of recommended values of
relative molecular masses is given in ISO 6976[22]. |
| Monitoring |
The performance and analysis of routine measurements,
aimed at detecting changes in the environment, provision of services,
delivery of outputs, or health status of individuals or populations. |
| Monocoque |
In relation to a vehicle, means that the chassis of
the vehicle is integral to the body. |
| Monomer |
A molecule or compound usually containing carbon and
of relatively low molecular weight and simple structure, which is
capable of conversion to polymers, by combination with itself or other
similar molecules or compounds. E.g. vinyl chloride is the monomer
from which polyvinyl chloride is made. |
| Monsoon bucket |
A pilot-activated water bucket slung beneath a helicopter.
Used to drop large amounts of water directly on top of a fire. |
| Montreal Protocol on Substances that Deplete
the Ozone Layer |
Introduces controls on a range of ozone-depleting substances. |
| Moorings |
Any weight or article placed in or on the bed of a
harbour for the purpose of securing a vessel; but does not include
an anchor or weight lifted by the vessel when departing from the site,
anchorage, or mooring. |
| Morbidity |
Illness or disease. A morbidity rate for a certain
illness is the number of people with that illness divided by the number
of people in the population from which the illnesses were counted.
|
| MORST |
Ministry of Research, Science and Technology. |
| Morts |
Dead fish. |
| Mortuary |
A room regularly used or intended to be regularly used
for the preparation of dead bodies for burial or for the embalming
of dead bodies or the examination or treatment of dead bodies prior
to burial: but does not include premises so used or intended to be
used exclusively in [or in connection with a hospital care institution
(within the meaning of section 58(4) of the Health and Disability
Services (Safety) Act 2001)], or a school of anatomy established under
the authority of the Governor-General in Council. |
| MOSHH |
Management of Substances Hazardous to Health. |
| Motor grader |
A self-propelled machine having an adjustable blade
positioned between the front and rear axles, where that blade is used
to cut, move and spread material as required. |
| Motor scraper |
A self-propelled wheeled machine having a cutting
edge positioned between front and rear axles which enables it to load,
transport, discharge and spread material through the forward motion
of the machine. |
| MOU |
Memorandum of Understanding (often between government
departments on a specific issue). |
| Mould |
A device in which castings are made. The mould (usually
of sand held together with a binding agent) has hollow spaces in it
into which molten metal is poured. The shape of the hollow spaces
gives the shape of the final product. |
| Moulded breadth |
On a ship, means the maximum breadth of the ship, measured
amidships to the moulded line of frame in a ship with a metal shell
and to the outer surface of the hull in a s hip with a shell of any
other metal. |
| Moulded depth |
On a ship, means the vertical distance, measured amidships
from the keel line to the top of the working deck beam at side. Where
the working deck is stepped and the raised part of the deck extends
over amidships, t he moulded depth is to be measured to a line of
reference extending from the lower part of the deck along a line parallel
with the raised part. |
| MOYA |
Ministry of Youth Affairs. |
| Mouse over |
Hover mouse pointer over a highlighted text for drill
down to further detail. |
| Mouse trap |
In skyline logging systems, a device for holding a
moveable carriage at the spar during unhooking of the drag. |
| MPR |
Marine Protection Rules. |
| MR |
Maritime Rules. |
| MRL |
Maximum Residue Limit. |
| MS |
Mediation Service (of ERS). |
| MSC |
Mountain Safety Council |
| MSD |
Ministry of Social Development. |
| Mobile hauler |
Trailer or self-propelled hauler with integral spar. |
| Mpa |
Megapascals. |
| MPH |
Master of Public Health. |
| MSD |
Musculoskeletal disorder. |
| MSDS |
Material safety data sheet. |
| MTA |
Maritime Transport Act 1994. |
| MTOPP |
Mean tracheal oxygen partial pressure. |
| Mucous membrane |
Tissue which secretes mucous and lines body cavities
such as the mouth and nose. |
| Multidisciplinary team |
A functioning unit, composed of individuals with varied
and specialised training, who coordinate their activities to provide
services to a client or group of clients. |
| Multifactorial productivity (MFP) |
Refers to the way that labour and capital are combined
to produce gooods and services (also called total-factor productivity).
It is driven by economies of scale, technical progress and the adoption
of best practice. |
| Multiple chemical sensitivity (MCS) |
A syndrome characterised by an abnormal, multi-organ
sensitivity following chemical exposures. There is lack of agreement
as to what the underlying pathological mechanisms are and whether
multiple chemical sensitivity should be viewed as a separate clinical
entity.
Synonyms and related terms for MCS:
- environmental or ecological illness
- chemical acquired immune deficiency syndrome (chemical AIDS)
- total allergy syndrome
- 20th century disease
- cerebral allergy
- chemical sensitivity
- chemical intolerance
- environmental hypersensitivity
- toxic encephalopathy
- toxicant-induced loss of tolerance
- eco-syndrome.
|
