Glossary of terms and acronyms L-N

The following is a glossary of some key terms, concepts and acronyms used in the publications in this and in linked web sites. The terms and definitions are drawn from a number of sources including legislation, standards, codes of practice, guides, reports and other documents. For translations into Maori of some of the key terms here, see the English-Maori Glossary of Occupational Safety and Health Terms.

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Term or Acronym	Definition
l	Litre, sometimes written as L or l.
LAeq,T	The equivalent continuous A-weighted sound pressure level in decibels and is the value of the steady continuous A weighted sound pressure level that, within a measurement time interval, T, has the same mean square sound pressure as the sound under consideration whose level varies with time. It is the average level of noise over some specified period of time.
LAeq,8h	The 8-hour equivalent continuous A-weighted sound pressure level in decibels, and is that steady sound pressure level which would in the course of an 8-hour period cause the same A-weighted sound energy as that due to the actual noise over the actual working day. It is the average level of noise to which a person is exposed, averaged out over a period of 8 hours. NOTE: LAeq,8h is the same as LEX,8h.
Lpeak	The highest unweighted (linear) peak sound pressure level in decibels, and is ten times the logarithm, to the base ten, of the ratio of the square of the maximum instantaneous sound pressure to the square of the reference sound pressure (20 micropascals). It is determined by sound measuring equipment with 'P' time-weighting, as specified in the International Standard IEC 651:1979. NOTE: The maximum instantaneous sound pressure level (Lpeak) is not the same as the maximum rms level (Lmax).
Label	(1) Information on a container that identifies the substance in the container, and includes basic information to allow the safe use of the substance. (2) In relation to the land transport of dangerous goods, means the pictorial representation of a class or division of dangerous goods, in a form similar to a diamond (a square rotated 45 degrees) appearing on or attached to a package or container of dangerous goods and includes: (a) a primary risk label that is a pictorial and numerical representation of the class of dangerous goods and may include some text; and (b) a subsidiary risk label that is a primary risk label without the class number. 'Labelled' and 'labelling' have corresponding meanings.
Laboratory	A vehicle, room, building or any structure set aside and equipped for scientific experiments or research, for teaching science, or for the development of chemical or medicinal products.
Laboratory compartment	A fire-isolated compartment in a laboratory, being either the whole laboratory or a subdivision of the laboratory.
Labour inspector	An employee of the Department designated under section 223 of the Employment Relations Act to be a Labour Inspector.
Labour productivity	The quantity of output produced by a given quantity of labour input. It is driven by the amount of capital available to workers, such as equipment, as well as multifactor productivity.
Lacrimation	Flow of tears. Alternative spelling: lachrymation.
Lactate	Ester of lactic acid.
Ladder	An appliance consisting of two styles joined by steps or rungs and designed for the purpose of climbing or ascending.
Ladder bracket	A bracket to be attached to at least two rungs of a ladder for the purpose of supporting a plank as a work platform.
Lamb	A sheep that is less than 7 months of age.
Laminar flow	An essentially uni-directional airflow with minimum turbulence.
Laminated glass	Glazing consisting of two or more pieces of sheet glass, plate glass or float glass bonded together by one or more intervening layers of plastic material.
Lamp	A light-emitting device: a bulb or a fluorescent tube.
LAN	Local Area Network.
Land transport	(a) Means (i) transport on land by any means: (ii) the infrastructure, goods, and services facilitating that transport; and (b) includes coastal shipping (including transport by means of harbour ferries, or ferries or barges on rivers or lakes).
Land Transport Safety Authority (LTSA)	A Crown Entity established by the Land Transport Act 1993, with the principal function of undertaking activities that promote safety in land transport at reasonable cost. It has responsibility for administration of the Transport Service Licensing Act 1989 and the Land Transport Act 1998.
Land Transport New Zealand Ikiiki Whenua Aotearoa	New agency (formed December 2004) from the merger of Transfund New Zealand and the Land Transport Safety Authority.
Landfill	A site where waste is disposed of by burying it, or placing it upon land or other waste.
Landing, Dump or Skid	A selected or prepared area to which logs are extracted and where they may be sorted, processed, loaded or stockpiled.
Langs lay	Wire rope in which the individual wires are wound in the same direction as the strands.
Lanyard	A line used, usually as part of a lanyard assemble which includes a personal energy absorber, to connect a fall arrest harness to an anchorage point or static line.
Lap seatbelt	A seatbelt that passes solely across the front of the wearer's pelvic region.
Lap-and-diagonal seatbelt	A seatbelt comprising a lap strap that passes across the front of the wearer's pelvic region, and a diagonal strap that passes across the front of the wearer's torso from one side of the pelvic region to the shoulder on the opposite side
Lapping	Smoothing and truing a surface by rubbing it on a flat surface covered lightly with grinding paste, or by rubbing two mating parts together with grinding paste to fit them to each other.
Laryngeal cancer	A malignant disease of the larynx. Many occupational exposures have been associated with an increased risk of laryngeal cancer. The strongest evidence is for sulphuric acid mists, asbestos and organic solvents.
Latency period	The delay that is often seen between a period of exposure to an environmental agent or hazardous substance, and the onset of a toxic response, most commonly cancer. Development of tumors may occur decades after the exposure believed to be responsible has occurred.
Lateral hauling	In skyline logging, the initial breaking out and movement of logs to the skyline haul path.
Lathe	A machine tool used generally for producing round parts. The workpiece is rotated while a stationary tools is moved slowly along the length of, or across the face of, the revolving workpiece, cutting metal off as it moves (hence the term 'turning' applied to work carried out on a lathe).
Lay	(1) Describes the direction strands of wire rope are wound about the core. (2) Position on the ground where a tree will fall when severed from the stump.
LBP	Lead-based paint that contains by dry weight 0.5 mg/cm2 or 2500 µg/g or more of lead.
LC50	The median lethal concentration, being a statistically derived concentration of a substance that can be expected to cause death in 50% of animals.
LD50	A dose of a substance that produces death in 50% of a population of experimental animals. LD50s may be estimated after swallowing, injection or after application to the skin. It is usually expressed as mg per KG of body weight.
Lead agency	An organisation, which, because of its expertise and resources, is primarily responsible for dealing with a particular hazard.
Lead product	Any carbonate, oxide, nitrate, chromate, sulphate, acetate, or other salt of lead or material containing soluble lead.
Lead process	Any of the following processes: (a) the melting, casting, pasting, or burning of lead or of any material containing lead: (b) the filing, buffing, or polishing of lead or any material containing lead: (c) the repair or assembling or the breaking up of any appliance which contains any lead or lead product: (d) any process involving the manufacture of any lead product, where any of the said processes may give rise to fumes or dust from lead or lead compounds: (e) the blending of motor-spirit with tetra-ethyl lead: (f) any process involving the mixing, crushing, sifting, or spraying of any lead product, or involving any movement or manipulation of lead products.
Lead time	Period of a particular hazard between its announcement and arrival. Also used for the mobilisation of resources needed in relief operations.
Lean	The inclination of a tree from the perpendicular.
L(E)C50	Either LC50 or EC50 data.
Ledger	A horizontal member placed in the longitudinal direction between standards of a scaffold for the purpose of supporting putlogs.
Legal name	The name a corporate entity or person is recognised by pursuant to statute.
Legend	In relation to a safety sign is the message content of a sign in words (text) or symbols, or a combination of these.
Legionellosis	(Also known as Legionnaire's disease) A disease caused by infection with the Legionella bacteria. It most commonly causes pneumonia, which may be severe. The source of Legionella infection in an occupational context is usually water aerosol from pooled warm water, such as occurs in association with air-conditioning cooling towers, but dust (such as potting mix) has also been documented as a source.
Legislation	Means and includes Acts (primary legislation), Regulations (secondary legislation), and Standards, Codes of Practice, etc. that are cited by Acts or Regulations (tertiary legislation).
LEL	Lower Explosive Limit. The level of concentration in percentage by volume in air above which explosion can occur upon ignition in a confined area.
Length	(of a ship) Means 96 per cent of the length on a waterline at 85 per cent of the least moulded depth measured from the keel line, or as the length from the foreside of the stem to the axis of the rudder stock on that waterline, if that be greater. In ships designed with rake of keel the waterline on which this length i s measured must be parallel to the designed waterline.
Leptospirosis	A flu-like illness contracted from the infected urine of livestock cattle, pigs, deer or infected kidneys. It is caused by bacteria of the genus Leptospira and belongs to the same family of bacteria that causes syphilis and leprosy.
Lesion	Any discontinuity of tissue or loss of function of a part of the body as a result of disease or trauma.
Lethality	The end point normally associated with acute toxicity.
Leukaemia	A malignant disease of a subset of white blood cells. It has various forms, with the most relevant in occupational terms probably being acute lymphatic leukaemia (ALL) and acute myelocytic leukaemia (AML). Occupational exposures strongly implicated as causing leukaemia are ionising radiation, benzene and ethylene oxide. There is also some evidence that exposure to low-frequency electromagnetic fields may cause leukaemia.
Level 2 (National Information Centre)	A type of interaction in which an information officer provides information to a third party.
Level 3 (National Information Centre)	A type of interaction in which the IRD refers a paid parental leave issue to an information officer and the information officer may provide information to the parties involved and may refer the issues to a Labour Inspector.
Level crossing	(a) Means any place where a railway line crosses any road or street on the level, or where the public is permitted to cross a railway line on the level; and in this paragraph 'railway line' does not include a railway line on a road or street, being a railway line intended solely for the use of light rail vehicles; and (b) Includes a bridge used for both rail service vehicles and road traffic on the same level.
Level indicator (Inclinometer)	A device fitted to a machine which indicates whether the machine is level or not.
Levelling shim	A single or series of thin strips of suitable material that are used under elements to assist with final positioning of a load.
LFT	Liver function test.
LH	Left hand.
Liability	Subject to legal obligation; or the obligation itself. A person who commits a wrong or breaks a contract or trust is said to be liable or responsible for it.
Liable earnings	Earnings that a self-employed person has made in a financial year and declared on their end of year tax return. It is also the wages/salaries that an employer has paid out to their staff.
Lifed	In relation to an aeronautical product, means an aeronautical product that has a period of acceptable usage defined by the aeronautical product's manufacturer after which the likelihood of failure increases sharply and before the expiry of which the aeronautical product is removed from service.
Life-saving appliance	(Marine) Any device, arrangement, apparatus or thing intended to sustain the lives of people in distress, or to signal their distress, or to alert people on board a ship to an emergency, and includes lifebuoys, lifejackets, immersion suits, anti-exposure suits, visual signals, survival craft, rescue boats, evacuation systems, line-throwing appliances, and general alarm and public address systems.
Lifeboat	A totally enclosed motor-propelled survival craft.
Life cycle	All aspects that apply to a substance from extraction or manufacture to disposal, including storage, transport, handling and use (see also pan-life cycle)
Life cycle	(1) The cycle of activities that an asset (or facility) goes through while it retains an identity as a particular asset i.e. from planning and design to decommissioning or disposal. (2) The period of time between a selected data and the last year over which the criteria (e.g. costs) relating to a decision or alternative understudy will be assessed.
Lifecycle cost	The total cost of an asset throughout its life including planning, design, construction, acquisition, operation, maintenance, rehabilitation and disposal costs.
Lift	The assembly of ledgers and putlogs forming each horizontal level of a scaffold. The lift height is the vertical distance between two lifts, measured centre to centre.
Lifting appliance	Any appliance (except where defined in the Approved Code of Practice for Cranes) capable of being operated by mechanical, manual, or other means to raise or lower a load in a vertical or near-vertical plane, and includes any lifting tackle.
Lifting beam	A beam which carries loads from two or more points while being supported by one or more different points.
Lifting gear	In relation to a crane: (a) means a device used (i) to attach the load to the hook or load-handling device; or (ii) to control the load independently of the hook or load-handling device; or (iii) as a container for the load; and (b) includes lifting beams, lifting frames, spreaders, or similar devices that are not an integral part of the crane.
Lifting frame	A device made up of more than one lifting beam.
Lifting spreader	A device which spreads the lifting ropes and is in compression.
Lifting tackle	Any sling, shackle, swivel, ring, hook or other appliances, including lifting beams, frames and spreaders, used in connection with a lifting appliance or from the hook of a crane.
Light curtain	A two-part electronic guarding mechanism. It provides an instantaneous cut-off of the machine and any electrical drives if any body part, e.g. a finger, is inserted into the controlled location.
Light rail vehicle	(a) A rail vehicle that is designed to run on or along a road with other road vehicles and users; and (b) includes a tram; but (c) does not include: (i) a rail vehicle approaching or on a level crossing; or (ii)a rail vehicle while it is on a railway line that is not on a road.
Light source	A device that emits light, including an incandescent or fluorescent light bulb, with each filament in an incandescent bulb having multiple filaments deemed to be a separate light source.
Light vehicle	A vehicle with a gross vehicle mass of less than 3500 kg except for one defined as a heavy vehicle (see heavy vehicle).
Lighter	Any vessel, however propelled, used for the transport of goods between a ship at anchor offshore in any port, harbour, or roadstead and any other vessel or the quays, wharves, or shore of that port, harbour, or roadstead.
Lighting equipment	Equipment designed both to emit or reflect light and to be fitted to a vehicle; and includes a reflector and reflective material.
Lightning interceptor	Any permanently located object, including a landscape feature, that is exposed to the atmosphere and is capable of intercepting lightning discharges in the vicinity of any hazardous substance location in which class 1 substances are present.
Lightweight	The displacement of a ship in tonnes without cargo, fuel, lubricating oil, ballast water, fresh water and feedwater in tanks, consumable stores, and passengers and crew and their effects.
Likelihood	The chance that something will happen in a given timeframe. It is expressed in terms of number of incidents per time period or series of activities.
Likelihood ratio	The ratio of the likelihood of a positive test in people with a disease to the likelihood of a positive test in people without the disease.
Limb	(1) To remove limbs or branches. (2) Branch of a tree.
Limit of detection	The lowest concentration of an analyte at which positive identification can be achieved with reasonable confidence in a defined matrix using a specific analytical method.
Limited-attendance boiler	A boiler that: (a) may be started up or shut down automatically or under manual control; and (b) when operating, is checked at regular intervals by the holder of a relevant certificate of competence, who is on site and within range of the boiler's audible or visual alarms at all times; and (c) may be brought at any time under the direct control of a holder of a relevant certificate of competence.
Limited free fall, limited free fall-arrest	As defined in AS/NZS 1891.4:2000 (Clause 1.4.6). A fall or the arrest of a fall occurring under the conditions described in clause 1.4.5 of AS/NZS 1891.4 except that under reasonably foreseeable circumstances the fall distance will not exceed 600 mm.
Limit switch	An automatically activated switch to stop a machine motion at its extremity of operation.
Line-haul vehicle	A vehicle or vehicle combination that: (a) has more than three axles and a combined gross vehicle mass of more than 20 tonnes; and (b) is transporting dangerous goods on a journey that includes travel outside a radius of 100 km from any point at which dangerous goods were loaded.
Line owner	A person that owns works that are used or intended to be used for the conveyance of electricity.
Line pull	The pulling force exerted on a rope from a drum, usually measured when drum is half-full; expressed in kilograms or tonnes.
Liner	A casing having openings for the production or injection of fluids, and installed in the drilled hole to prevent collapse of the formation or entry of debris into a well.
Linisher	A continuous loop of sandpaper, in the form of a belt, is driven over pulleys In general, hand-held parts are held against the moving sandpaper to smooth off rough edges or sufaces.
Link belt	Transmission belting made up of short links, usually of leather, riveted together.
Linkage	A device, usually a solid rod, for transmitting movement from one machine part to another.
Lipophilicity	Fat solubility, attraction to fatty tissues.
Liquefiable gas	A gas that has a critical temperature exceeding -50°C and a boiling point not exceeding 20°C at 101.3 kPa absolute.
Liquefied natural gas LNG	Natural gas which has been liquefied, after processing, for storage or transportation purposes. NOTE: Liquid natural gas is revaporised and introduced into pipelines for transmission and distribution as natural gas.
Liquefied petroleum gas LPG	Mixtures of propane, butane, and pentanes used as a fuel for internal combustion engines. Odourless, but a distinct smelling odorant such as ethyl mercaptan is added as a detection agent.
Liquid	(a) A substance with a melting point of less than or equal to 20°C at 101.3 kPa absolute pressure; or (b) a viscous substance, without a defined melting point.
Litter	Includes any refuse, rubbish, animal remains, glass, metal, garbage, debris, dirt, filth, rubble, ballast, stones, earth, or waste matter, or any other thing of a like nature.
Live	Any electrical equipment, which has, or may have, a potential difference between it and earth. It includes equipment which is isolated and de-energised but not earthed.
Live gas operation	Work where gas may be present in, or may be released into, the atmosphere or where air may enter a network containing gas.
Live line equipment	All live line tools, rope, gloves and insulating equipment used for live line work.
Live line minimum approach distance (live line MAD)	The minimum air gap that shall be maintained between a lineworker and any other component at different potential during live line work, in order to prevent flashover and provide for worker safety.
Live line permit	A permit issued by the system controller or equivalent to verify to a live line work party that the control measures are in place on the circuit being worked on and to authorise work.
Live line rope	Rope that is specially designed, manufactured, tested and maintained so as to have very high insulating qualities and may be intentionally placed across phase to phase or phase to earth air gaps.
Live line work	Any high-voltage work performed under approved procedures inside the minimum approach distance (MAD), on or near components of a line capableof being energised to high voltage without implementing the full protective practice of isolating, proving de-energised and earthing.
Live line stick (hot stick)	A solid or filled stick of insulating material specially designed, approved and tested for use in physically bridging the distance between; the lineworker and energised components; or the energised components and earth; or adjacent phases; or to enable physical loads to be taken or tools to be applied.
Live load	That portion of a load which does not include any part of the scaffolding or decking supporting the load, and comprises the weight of workers and/or materials.
Livened	Connected to a source of electric current.
Livestock	Cattle, sheep, horses, swine, goats, deer, poultry, bees, fish, and other animals kept for commercial or domestic purposes.
Load	The object being handled or the forces being applied.
Load	In relation to road transport includes part of a load; and includes covers, ropes, ties, blocks, tackles, barrows, or other equipment or object used in the securing or containing of loads on vehicles or the loading or unloading of vehicles, whether or not any other load is on the vehicle; but does not include animal wastes discharged from animals being carried on a vehicle at the time.
Load anchorage point	A device permanently attached to a vehicle to enable a load to be secured or attached to the vehicle
Load backrest	On a forklift, that portion of the carriage and forks serving to restrain the load when the load is tilted rearward or upward.
Load backrest extension	On a forklift, a removable device that increases the load restraining area beyond that provided by the load backrest.
Load engaging means	A term for (but not limited to) forks, clamps, jibs or attachments for the carrying of loads by a forklift.
Load-handling device	A device that is an integral part of the crane; and that may be substituted for the hook; and includes lifting beams, lifting frames and spreaders or similar devices and associated chains, pins, pulley blocks, pulley frames, ropes, shackles, twist locks and wires.
Load index	A numerical system of marking tyres to indicate their load-carrying limits. The load index is related to ply rating.
Load indicating device	A device that measures and displays the weight being lifted or force being applied.
Load lines	The marks indicating several maximum depths to which a ship is permitted to be loaded in various circumstances prescribed by maritime rules or regulations.
Load moment	The load x the horizontal distance from the centre of rotation to the hook.
Load moment indicator	A device that indicates the load moment.
Load moment limiter	A device that is preset prior to operation, that limits the lifting capacity at any given crane configuration.
Load radius indicator	A device fitted on a crane which shows the distance to the hook measured from the centre of the slew.
Load range	The term 'Load Range', and its designating letter, is used to identify a given tyre size with its load and inflation limits when used for a specific type of service, as defined in the TRA tables. Load ranges are normally only used on tyres of USA or Canadian manufacture. (A = 2PR, B = 4PR, C = 6PR etc.)
Load rating	The maximum force that can be withstood without incurring any loss of structural capacity.
Load securing equipment	Equipment or a device permanently fitted to a vehicle to secure, either by itself or in conjunction with other equipment or devices such as lashings, a load to a vehicle.
Load-sharing trailer	A type of short, load-sharing semi-trailer, that is not designed to directly carry any goods, and that has one or more axles equipped with a kingpin, a fifth wheel and other parts necessary for attaching it to the rear end of a towing vehicle and the front portion of a second gooseneck trailer.
Loaded section width	The width of the cross section of a tyre under load.
Loader	A self-propelled crawler or wheeled machine with an integral front-mounted bucket supporting structure and linkage, which loads or excavates through motion of the machine and lifts, transports and discharges materials.
Local authority	A regional council or territorial authority.
Local effects	Harmful effects at the point of contact or entry into the body (as opposed to systemic effects).
Local exhaust ventilation	Ventilation system for removing harmful fumes from a worker's breathing zone.
Lockout	A condition in which the device or system under consideration has been turned off and can be restarted only after the fault has been corrected and the system checked by the qualified operator or responsible person.
Lockout	A safety shut-down condition of the control system that requires a manual reset in order to restart.
Lockout	An act that: (a) is the act of an employer (i) in closing the employer's place of business, or suspending or discontinuing the employer's business or any branch of that business; or (ii) in discontinuing the employment of any employees; or (iii) in breaking some or all of the employer's employment agreements; or (iv) in refusing or failing to engage employees for any work for which the employer usually employs employees; and (b) is done with a view to compelling employees, or to aid another employer in compelling employees, to (i) accept terms of employment; or (ii) comply with demands made by the employer.
Lockout device	A mechanical locking system to prevent a machine being started while repairs are being carried out.
LOD	Limit of detection.
Log	(1) Stem, or length of stem, of a tree after felling and cross-cutting. (2) To harvest (extract) trees or logs from a forest.
Log band breakdown saw	A log breakdown saw that is fitted with a blade in the form of a continuous band or strap with continuous series of notches or teeth on one or both edges of the band and running over a pair of wheels or pulleys that are mounted either vertically or horizontally.
Log breakdown saw	A woodworking machine that is used for reducing logs to flitches or sawn timber.
Log carriage	A carriage that is used for conveying logs into a log breakdown saw.
Logbook	The official logbook prescribed by Part 73 of the Maritime Rules or required by the New Zealand Safe Ship Management Code as appropriate for the ship.
Logging	Tree felling by manual or mechanical means for the purpose of extracting logs, poles and posts, including the preparation and extraction of logs for processing or loading out.
Logging bolster	A vertically orientated member attached to a vehicle that is used to secure loads of timber logs.
Logging system	Method of harvesting, usually with a descriptive term such as skyline, skidder, mechanised, etc.
Logic	System of determining output signals from combinations of input signals.
Long line	A helicopter load line attached to the belly hook.
Long span skidding	Cable system capable of hauling drags or loads for 1000 m or more.
Loose cargo gear	An article of equipment by means of which a load can be attached to a lifting appliance but which does not form an integral part of the appliance or load. Loose cargo gear includes any steel wire rope, shackle, block, hook, clamp, tray, crate, tub, grab, or other receptacle used to convey any cargo, personnel cradle, pallet bar, connecting plate, swivel, ring, chain, beam sling, overhauling weight, lifting beam, spreader, lifting frame, magnetic lifting device, vacuum lifting device or any other similar device that is designed or used to facilitate loading or unloading of cargo; but does not include containers as defined by the International Convention for Safe Containers 1972 (CSC).
Loose materials	Solid material in particle form that is capable of subsiding or flowing in such a manner as to trap or engulf a person, e.g. sand, grain, fertilser, sawdust.
Loose pulley	(Opposite of fast pulley). A flat belt pulley running free on a shaft, so that when a belt is shifted on to it, no motion will be transmitted between the pulley and the shaft.
Lopping/Layering	Process of felling existing trees onto the ground while maintaining adequate connection with the stump.
Lost time accident	An event that causes an injury or illness of such a nature that, following basic first aid treatment, prevents the sufferer from returning to their normal work.
Loose gear	Covers any gear by means of which a load can be attached to a lifting machine or appliance but does not form part of the machine, appliance or load.
Lordosis	The natural curve at the base of the spine, curved forwards when standing erect (as opposed to kyphosis, at the thoracic end of the spine).
Low back pain	A common musculoskeletal disorder related to work. Chronic low back pain is a major cause of disability and cost. A wide range of occupations, work tasks, workplace factors and psychological factors have been associated with low back pain, with heavy lifting the task most commonly associated.
Low explosive	An explosive having a VOD of less than 1500 m/s. Blasting powder is a low explosive.
Low pressure (LP)	An operating pressure of 7 kPa or less.
Low pressure liquefiable gas	(a) A gas which has a critical temperature above 70°C; and (b) a toxic substance which is liquid at a pressure of 101 kPa at 0°C but which boils at or below 300°C at that pressure.
Low pressure steam wells	Steam-producing wells with a measured shutin wellhead pressure of less than 35 kPa.
Low profile tyres	Any tyre having a section height to section width ratio (aspect ratio) of 80% or lower.
Low risk biological product	A biological product that has a low probability of containing pathogens of risk group 2 or 3 (as defined by the World Health Organisation) and includes a biological product that is transported for routine screening tests or is defined as a low risk biological product in guidelines issued by the relevant regulatory authority
Lower body harness	An assembly of a body belt and leg loops for use as a work positioning device and for use where there is likelihood of restrained or limited free fall only. It may also have shoulder straps and/or a sitting strap. Note: A lower body harness is equivalent to a 'work positioning harness' as defined in AS/NZS 1891.1 (clause 1.3.23) and described in AS/NZS 1891.4 (clause 4.1.3). It is also permissible to use it where a limited free fall may occur. Note: A lower body harness is also equivalent to a 'sit harness' when it is designed to suspend the wearer in a sitting position, eg. it has a sitting strap included.
Lower limit on effective dose01 (LED01)	The 95% lower confidence limit of the dose of a chemical needed to produce a 1% increase of an adverse effect in those exposed to the chemical, or a 1% of the maximal response, relative to control.
Lowest observable adverse effect level (LOAEL)	The lowest exposure of a chemical in a study, or group of studies, that produces statistically or biologically significant increases in frequency or severity of adverse effects between the exposed group and its appropriate control group.
LPGA	Liquefied Petroleum Gas Association of New Zealand.
LPGITA	The UK LP Gas Association.
LSA	Lifesaving appliance.
LTSA	Land Transport Safety Authority - now known as Land Transport New Zealand (LTNZ).
Luffing	The raising and lowering of the crane boom.
Lumbar spine	The lower end of the spine, often known as the 'small of the back'. It extends to the pelvis and exhibits lordosis (is bent forward).
Lumbar vertebrae	The vertebrae, or spinal bones, present in the lumbar spine.
Luminaire	A lighting fixture - the lamp and its mounting and light control surfaces.
Luminance	The amount of light given off by lamp or other body. This includes reflected light and emitted light, and the unit of measurement is the candela per sq m (cd/m2).
Lump sum compensation	A one-off, non-taxable payment to compensate for permanent impairment resulting from an injury covering injuries occurring on or after 1 April 2002.
Lung cancer	A malignant disease of the respiratory tree and gas exchange areas of the lung. The main exposures associated with lung cancer are asbestos, arsenic, beryllium, cadmium, chromium VI, diesel fumes, nickel, radon, silica, soots, bis-(chloro-methyl) ether and environmental tobacco smoke.
Lux	The SI unit of measurement of illuminance. It is equal to one lumen per square metre (lm m2). It's the same as the 'metre candle'.
LV	Low voltage.
LWOP	Leave without pay.
Lycopodium	A combustible, organic dust used by pyrotechnicians for fire effects.
m	Metres.
mm	Millimetres.
Mach number	The ratio of true airspeed to the speed of sound.
Machine-lifted platform	A working platform which is moved into any working position by a power-operated machine to which it is attached.
Machine mass	The manufacturer's maximum recommended mass for the machine including attachments with all reservoirs full to capacity, and tools and operator protective structure fitted, but not including: (a) any equipment towed by that machine; or (b) kingpins, hitches or steering components attached to hitches or towed units; or (c) material dug, carried or handled in any manner by a machine.
Machine pacing	Where a person's work rate is determined by the rate at which a machine operates.
Machinery	An engine, motor, or other appliance that provides mechanical energy derived from compressed air, the combustion of fuel, electricity, gas, gaseous products, steam, water, wind, or any other source; and includes: (a) any plant by or to which the motion of any machinery is transmitted; and (b) a lifting machine, a lifting vehicle, a machine whose motive power is wholly or partly generated by the human body, and a tractor.
Machinery spaces	On a ship, means those machinery spaces of Category A and all other spaces containing propulsion machinery, boilers, fuel oil units, steam and internal combustion engines, generators, steering gear , major electrical machinery, oil filling stations, refrigerating, stabilising, ventilating and air conditioning machinery and similar spaces, and trunks to such spaces.
Machinery spaces of Category A	On a ship, means those spaces and trunks to such spaces that contain: (a) internal combustion machinery used for main propulsion; or (b) internal combustion machinery used for purposes other than main propulsion where such machinery has in the aggregate a total power output of not less than 375 kW; or (c) any oil-fired boiler or oil fuel unit.
Macroinvertebrate	Freshwater insects, molluscs, crustaceans, annelids, hydroids and flatworms living amongst surficial stream bed substrate or on instream vegetation.
MAF	Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry.
Magazine	Any building, chamber, cave, pit, cellar, hulk, floating vessel, or place in which explosives or partly manufactured exposives are stored.
Magnetic chuck	A work-holding device which holds the workpiece by magnetism. Used only with iron and steel.
MAGS	Metal arc gas-shielded. Alternative names: MIG metal inert gas, MAG metal active gas, GMAW gas metal arc welding, CO2 welding, semi-automatic welding.
Mahinga kai	Food-gathering practices and traditional Maori foods including indigenous shellfish, inland fish (eels, freshwater crayfish) and plants (puha, kumara etc).
Main	Continuous pipe used for the conveyance of gas from points of supply, generally running within the road corridor and from which individual service pipes for other parts of the distribution network are supplied.
Main earthing system	An earthing system of an electrical installation: (a) that operates at standard low voltage; and (b) that incorporates both an earth electrode and an earthing lead that is connected at that earth electrode and at the switchboard.
Main earthing wire	A wire that connects the earth electrode to the earth bar of the main switchboard. Colour: green or green/yellow.
Main equipotential bonding wire	A wire that connects any equipotentially bonded metal to an earth electrode or earth bar on the main switchboard. Colour: green or green/yellow.
Mainrope	(Synonym: mainline) The wire rope used to pull the carriage or butt rigging in to the landing.
Mainrope swivel	(Synonym: Three-way swivel) A swivel in the butt rigging with a side lug and ring to which other fittings can be attached.
Mains	Those fittings forming part of an electrical installation that are used for the supply of electricity to the main switchboard of that installation.
Maintenance	All actions necessary for retaining an asset as near as practicable to its original condition, but excluding rehabilitation or replacement.
Maintenance personnel	Employees who service, inspect, clean, or maintain equipment.
Maintenance plan	Collated information, policies and procedures for the optimum maintenance of an asset, or group of assets.
Major industrial accident	An unexpected, usually sudden occurrence including, in particular, a major emission, fire or explosion, resulting from abnormal developments in the course of an industrial activity, leading to a serious danger to workers, the public or the environment, whether immediate or delayed, inside or outside the installation and involving one or more hazardous substances.
Major non-conformity	An identifiable deviation which poses a serious threat to personnel or ship safety or a serious risk to the marine environment, and requires immediate corrective action; and includes a lack of effective and systematic implementation of a requirement of the International Safety Management Code.
Malignant mesothelioma	A malignant disease of the inside lining of the chest wall (pleura), pericardium and abdomen (peritoneum). The latency between exposure and development of disease is in the order of 20 to 50 or more years. Asbestos is the only known cause, and the vast majority of this exposure occurs in an occupational context.
Mandrel	A special shaft used for mounting a workpiece which is rotated during machining, e.g. a workpiece in a lathe, or a gear wheel while the teeth are being cut.
Manipulative tasks	Tasks that require an object of some sort to be held and worked on at the same time.
Manned steering jinker	A specialised load-bearing vehicle that is steered by an operator and that is used to carry the rear of a long load.
Manoeuvring area	That part of an aerodrome to be used for the take-off and landing of aircraft and for the surface movement of aircraft associated with takeoff and landing; but does not include areas set aside for loading, off-loading, or maintenance of aircraft.
Mantoux test	The test used to assess tuberculin sensitivity, as an indicator of previous TB exposure, potential risk from exposure, and past BCG status. In New Zealand the standard Mantoux test is performed using 5TU of PPD. See Tuberculin skin test.
Mantoux conversion	Two Mantoux results (not less than eight weeks apart), where the first result is negative and the second is positive (as defined above), and where the second result is greater than the first by 10 mm or more.
Manual handling	Any activity requiring a person to interact with their environment and use any part of their muscles or skeletal system to lift, lower, push, pull, carry, throw, move, restrain or hold any animate, or inanimate, object.
Manual handling task	A specific manual handling action or activity. It may be one part of a job.
Manual shut-off valve	A manually operated valve which allows a gas appliance or a section of consumer piping to be shut off.
Manufacturer	The person or organisation that builds machinery or equipment for distribution to end users, either through dealers or directly to end users.
Manufacturer's maintenance programme	A programme that is contained in a maintenance manual or the instructions for continued airworthiness published by the manufacturer as required by the certificating authority for the aircraft, aircraft engines, propellers, rotors, appliances, emergency equipment, and parts.
Manufacturer's operating limits	Means: (a) in relation to a vehicle, the allowance provided by the vehicle manufacturer in terms of performance capability and dimensions, relative to deterioration, malfunction or damage beyond which the safe performance of the vehicle, as defined by the vehicle manufacturer, is compromised, and (b) in relation to a system, component or item of equipment, incorporated in or attached to a vehicle, the allowance provided by the system, component or equipment manufacturer in terms of performance capability and dimensions, relative to the deterioration, malfunction or damage, beyond which the safe performance of the system, component or item of equipment (and consequently the vehicle) is compromised.
Marae	Includes the area of land on which all buildings such as the wharenui (meeting house), the wharekai (dining room), ablution blocks, and any other associated buildings are situated.
Margin line	On a ship, means a line drawn at least 76 mm below the upper surface of the bulkhead deck at side.
Margin of safety	The ratio between a derived exposure level that is considered to be without an appreciable risk of an adverse health effect and the estimated exposure of a population.
Marine farm	Means all that part of the area that is being or has been developed into a farm for the farming of fish or marine vegetation; and includes all structures, whether floating or submerged, and rafts used in the area in connection with the farm, and all boundary markings, and all fish or marine vegetation for the time being farmed.
Marine farming	In relation to any species of fish or marine vegetation, means the breeding, cultivating, and rearing of any such fish including spat catching or the cultivating of any such vegetation, as the case may be whether for commercial or research purposes.
Marine interests	For the purposes of Part XX of the Maritime Transport Act 1994 (Protection of the marine environment from hazardous ships, structures and offshore operations) these are interests related to, or affected by, the marine environment, including a wide range of business activities, tourist attractions, public health and welfare, and the conservation of living marine resources and wildlife.
Marine operations	Operations which facilitate the safe use of a harbour by vessels. They include, but are not limited to, directing shipping, the regulation of safety of navigation, pilotage, communication between vessels and the shore, the maintenance of aids to navigation and dredging within the harbour.
Marine protection rules	Rules aimed at preventing pollution of the sea from ships and the disposal of waste. Marine protection rule-making powers cover the implementation of international conventions and standards for protection of the marine environment; marine protection documents; dumping of waste at sea; oil spill contingency plans; and controls in relation to harmful substances, including the discharge of produced water from offshore installations.
Maritime radio service	Public maritime radio service provided by Maritime New Zealand for the purposes of continuously monitoring safety calling frequencies, providing distress and safety communications and enhancing safety through the dissemination of Maritime Safety Information, including weather and navigational information. The service includes the MF/HF station, TAUPO Maritime Radio, the coastal VHF stations and Inmarsat-C satellite services.
Maritime rules	Rules relating to the safety of ships and people. These rules contain the detailed technical, documentary and procedural standards for the navigation and operation of ships. Their content covers design, construction, equipment, crewing, operation, tonnage measurement, carriage of passengers and cargoes, and the health and safety of seafarers. Many of the standards are based on international ship safety conventions.
Maritime New Zealand	The authority with statutory responsibilities for administration of maritime safety and maritime pollution matters.
Maritime Safety Inspector	An employee of Maritime New Zealand who has the appropriate delegations from the Director for the scope of work being undertaken.
Marking	In relation to the land transport of dangerous goods, means the written identification of the dangerous goods appearing on or attached to a package or container of dangerous goods; and 'marked' has a corresponding meaning.
Marlin spike	An iron or steel hand tool, tapered to a point, which is used to separate the strands of a wire rope when splicing.
MARPOL	International Convention for the Provision of Pollution from Ships. Aims to eliminate pollution of the sea by oil and other toxic substances that might be discharged operationally or released accidentally as a result of collisions or stranding by ships.
Marry	To fit together separate strands of rope to conform to the original structure of the rope.
Mass [Molar] concentration	Quotient of the mass [number of moles] of each component to the volume of the gas mixture under specified conditions of pressure and temperature. NOTE: The mass and molar concentrations depend on the pressure and temperature of the gas mixture.
Mass-filling ratio	The ratio between the greatest mass of LP Gas permitted in a container and the mass of water at 15°C which would completely fill the container.
Master	In relation to any ship, means any person (except a pilot) having command or charge of the ship; and, in relation to any boat belonging to a ship, means the master of the ship; and, in relation to any other boat or to any lighter, means the person having command or charge of the boat.
Mast	On a forklift, the support member providing the guideways permitting vertical movement of the carriage. it is usually constructed in the form of channels or similar sections providing the supporting pathway for the carriage rollers.
Masthead light	A white light placed over the fore and aft centreline of the vessel showing an unbroken light over an arc of the horizon of 225 degrees and fixed to show the light from right ahead to 22.5 degrees (2 points) abaft the beam on both sides of the vessel.
Mate ohorere	Sudden death.
Material measure	device intended to reproduce or supply, in a permanent manner during its use, one or more known values of a given quantity. NOTE: The quantity concerned may be called the supplied quantity.
Material safety data sheet (MSDS)	A document that describes the properties and uses of a substance, that is, identity, chemical and physical properties, health hazard information, precautions for use, and safe handling information.
Matter	In CIMS an applications are called matters.
Matter item	Each application has a matter type associated with it.
Matter item type	Each application has a matter type associated with it, e.g. PG - Unjustified Dismissal.
Mattock	A hand tool used for grubbing into heavy roots, gravel, and rocky ground.
Matauranga Maori	Traditional Maori knowledge.
Mauri	Spiritual integrity or life-force; for Maori all things have an inner spiritual force, the mauri.
Maximum acceptable value (MAV)	The concentration of a determinand below which the presence of the determinand does not result in any significant risk to a consumer over a lifetime of consumption. For carcinogenic chemicals, the MAVs set in the Drinking-Water Standards for New Zealand generally represent a risk of one additional incidence of cancer per 100 000 people ingesting the water at the concentration of the MAV for 70 years.
Maximum allowable operating pressure (MAOP	The maximum pressure that can be sustained with a factor of safety, by the type of class of pipe or fitting for its estimated useful life under the anticipated operating conditions.
Maximum certificated take-off weight	In relation to an aircraft, means the weight specified as the maximum take-off weight of the aircraft in a flight manual or airworthiness certificate relating to the aircraft.
Maximum inflation pressure (tyre)	Maximum cold pressure required to carry the maximum load.
Maximum load	Maximum carrying capacity of a tyre when run at maximum inflation pressure, at a given speed.
Maximum zero fuel weight	The maximum permissible weight of an aircraft with no disposable fuel or oil. The zero fuel weight figure may be found in either the aircraft type certificate data sheet, the approved Aircraft Flight Manual, or both.
Maul	Heavy wooden mallet used to drive wedges.
Mauri	Life force, spirit.
Mayday	The distress signal. This signal indicates that a ship or aircraft or person is in grave and imminent danger and immediate assistance is required.
MBL	Minimum breaking load.
MCA	Ministry of Consumer Affairs.
McCleod tool	A rake-like tool used for scraping and grubbing into sub-surface fires.
MCDEM	Ministry of Civil Defence and Emergency Management.
MCNZ	Medical Council of New Zealand.
MCS	Multiple chemical sensitivity (or sensitivities).
MDF	Medium-density fibreboard.
MDI	4,4 diphenylmethane diisocyanate. See Isocyanates.
Mean radiant temperature	A physical measure of thermal environmental conditions. It is obtained from globe temperature, corrected for air temperature and air velocity. Integrated with other measures to predict the mean thermal sensation (comfort) scale and thus the percentage of people likely to complain about the thermal conditions. Along with other factors, it provides an indication of possible local thermal discomfort.
Means of escape from fire	In relation to a building which has a floor area, means continuous unobstructed routes of travel from any part of a floor area of that building to a place of safety; and includes all active and passive protection features required to assist in protecting people from the effects of the fire in the course of their escape.
Mechanical splice	An alloy, copper or steel sleeve fitting pressed onto wire, generally to form an eye in the wire.
Mediastinum	Membranous middle septum between the lungs.
Mediation	A process by which a mediator assists the parties to resolve their differences.
Mediator	A person employed by the Employment Relations Service to provide mediation services.
Medical misadventure	A personal injury resulting from treatment by a registered health professional or, in limited circumstances, a hospital or medical laboratory.
Medical Officer of Health	Medical officers of health are specialists in public health medicine and are usually employed by public health services in DHBs. Some cover more than one DHB. Medical officers of health are designated by the Director-General of Health of the Ministry of Health.
Medical physicist	A person holding a licence under the Radiation Protection Act 1965 for the purpose of Medical Physics.
Medical practitioner	A health practitioner who: (a) is, or is deemed to be, registered with the Medical Council of New Zealand continued by section 114(1)(a) of the Health Practitioners Competence Assurance Act 2003 as a practitioner of the profession of medicine; and (b) holds a current practising certificate.
Medical radiation technologist (MRT)	A person who has undergone a recognised course of training of duration of several years, including requisite experience, and is registered or certificated to perform radiography occupationally. Previously known as radiographers.
Medical therapy	The performance of a procedure on a patient intended to have a curative or palliative effect on a confirmed disease.
Medicine	Any substance or article, other than a medical device, that is manufactured, imported, sold, or supplied wholly or principally: (a) for administering to one or more human beings for a therapeutic purpose; or (b) for use as an ingredient in the preparation of any substance or article that is to be administered to one or more human beings for a therapeutic purpose, where it is so used (i) in a pharmacy or a hospital; or (ii) by a practitioner, or registered midwife, or designated prescriber, or in accordance with a standing order; or (iii) in the course of any business that consists of or includes the retail sale, or the supply in circumstances corresponding to retail sale, of herbal remedies; or (c) for use as a pregnancy test.
Medium pressure (MP)	An operating pressure greater than 7 kPa, but not exceeding 700 kPa.
Medium-term outcome	A state or condition that is a contributing factor towards an outcome. It leads towards the outcome, but is not the result itself.
Medsafe	The NZ Medicines and Medical Devices Safety Authority.
Melanoma	A malignant disease of the melanin-containing cells of the skin. The only occupational exposure strongly implicated as increasing the risk of malignant melanoma is sunlight.
Melting point	A temperature in at which a substance can exist in solid and liquid form. Normally measured in C° at 760 mm Hg.
Membrane filter method	A method using phase contrast microscopy for estimating airborne asbestos fibre concentrations.
MEN switchboard	A switchboard that has a connection to an earth electrode via an earthing lead, and a connection between earth and neutral made by a removable link, for the purposes of a MEN system.
Mental disorder	In relation to any person, means an abnormal state of mind (whether of a continuous or an intermittent nature), characterised by delusions, or by disorders of mood or perception or volition or cognition, of such a degree that it: (a) poses a serious danger to the health or safety of that person or of others; or (b) seriously diminishes the capacity of that person to take care of himself or herself. 'Mentally disordered', in relation to any such person, has a corresponding meaning.
Mental injury	A clinically significant behavioural, cognitive or psychological dysfunction.
Mercaptan	A chemical compound or compounds of the mercaptan family, including tertiary butyl mercaptan (commonly used in odorant blends for reticulated gas) and ethyl mercaptan (commonly used as an odorant for LPG in containers).
Mesh	(1) Woven or welded wire mesh (which is commonly used for guards). (2) Two parts, e.g. gear wheels, chain and sprocket etc., which have teeth or similar devices which fit together snugly without being permanently fixed are said to mesh together.
Mesothelioma	See Malignant mesothelioma.
Metabolism	The breakdown in the body of nutrients (glucose or glycogen) to release energy rich phosphates (ATP), along with waste products such as CO2, H2O (and lactic acid if anaerobic).
Metabolite	In physiology, any product yielded by or taking part in the chemical processes essential to life.
Metalliferous mine	(a) Any place where any person works above or below ground for the purpose of (i) extracting any mineral from the earth; or (ii) processing any mineral extracted from the earth at that place; and (b) includes any place where any person works below ground for the purpose of (i) extracting any material, other than any coal or any mineral, from the earth; or (ii) processing any material, other than any coal or any mineral, extracted from the earth at that place; and (c) includes any place in which any mineral or material extracted or processed as described in paragraph (a) or paragraph (b) of this definition is (i) crushed or screened; or (ii) extracted from any other mineral or material extracted or processed as described in paragraph (a) or paragraph (b) of this definition.
Metal working	The working of any metal by any process of flame cutting, welding, brazing, or silver soldering, involving the use of any gas.
Metal fume fever	A flu-like illness resulting from exposure to fumes from welding or gas cutting zinc, lead, copper or other metals.
Meteorological service	Any of the following services that provide meteorological information in support of aviation: (1) Climatology service: a service for the development and supply of climatological information for a specific place or airspace: (2) Forecast service: a service for the supply of forecast meteorological information for a specific area or portion of airspace: (3) Information dissemination service: a service for the collection and dissemination of meteorological information: (4) Meteorological briefing service: a service for the supply of written and oral meteorological information on existing and expected meteorological conditions: (5) Meteorological reporting service: a service for the supply of routine meteorological reports: (6) Meteorological watch service: a service for maintaining a watch over meteorological conditions affecting aircraft operations in a specific area.
Methanol	Light, volatile, flammable, poisonous, liquid alcohol (CH3OH).
Methyl bromide	Synonym: Bromomethane. Chemical formula: CH3Br. A highly toxic fumigant used for soils, grains, silos, mills, warehouses, vaults, ships, buildings, and rail cars, shipping containers, motor vehicles and general commodities. Most commonly used to fumigate against insect pests and rodents under import and export bio-security agreements.
Methylated spirits	A mixture containing more than 90% denatured ethanol (whether it contains methanol or not).
MFE	Ministry for the Environment.
MF/HF	Medium and High Frequency. Used to describe frequencies or channels in the range 300 kHz - 30 MHz. SSB (single side band) radios are used for communication in the MF/HF bands.
mg/kg bw	Milligrams of substance per kilogram of bodyweight.
mg/l	Milligrams per litre.
mg/L	Milligrams of substance per litre of air.
MHz	Megahertz, one million hertz.
MIC	Minimum inhibitory concentration.
Micrograms per cubic metre (µg/m3)	One millionth of a gram of a substance in a cubic metre of air.
Microlight aircraft	A basic low-performance aircraft designed to carry not more than 2 persons which meets low-momentum parameters that are acceptable to the Director.
Micrometre	l µm represents one thousandth of a millimetre. (A strand of human hair is approximately 50 µm in diameter.)
Micron	One millionth of a metre (µm).
Micropause	A brief pause to relax the muscles. The greater the relaxation, the more beneficial the micropause. They ought to be taken frequently - 5-10 seconds every 3 minutes - for the greatest effect. The micropause allows blood to flow again in a muscle that has been tense.
MicroTesla	A unit of magnetic flux density - how strong the magnetic field is.
Microwave	Radiofrequencies greater than 300 MHz.
MIG welder	Metal inert gas welder. Welder designed to provide a strong weld and not damage thinner metals now on vehicles, using different combinations of gas to shield the arc from environmental conditions. See also MAGS.
Mild traumatic brain injury	(Also known as post-concussive syndrome) Avaguely defined condition characterised by physical, cognitive and/or psychosocial disability that follows from a significant blow to the head without obvious physical injury to the brain.
Mile	A standard nautical mile of 1852 metres.
Milliamperes	Thousandths of amperes. 1 mA = 10-3 A
Milligrams per cubic metre (mg/m3)	One thousandth of a gram of a substance in a cubic metre of air.
Millimetre tyres	Tyres marked with the section width in millimetres, and the rim diameter in inches, e.g. 165 R 13.
Mine	Any place where a person works above or below ground for the purpose of extracting or processing coal or any mineral from the earth.
Mineral	A mineral, mineral substance, metal, or precious stone; but does not include clay, coal, gravel, limestone, sand, or stone.
Mineral pool	A pool or spa supplied directly with geothermal fluid, or partial geothermal fluid.
Minihauler	A small mobile hauler with light hauling ropes and a short tower with two or three guyropes, and used mainly for thinning operations.
Minimal risk level (MRL)	An estimate of daily human exposure to a hazardous substance that is likely to be without an appreciable risk of adverse non-cancer health effects over a specified route and duration of exposure. MRLs are derived using the NOAEL/LOAEL plus safety factor approach. Generally, MRLs established by the ATSDR are based on the most sensitive chemical-induced endpoint considered to be of relevance to humans.
Minimum approach distance	The minimum distances when approaching live conductors that shall apply to any person who is not a competent live line lineworker, and include conductive material carried by them, vehicles, and mobile plant. These distances apply to any part of the line mechanic's body or clothing and to anything in contact with the line mechanic, e.g. tools, ladders and scaffold poles (except live line tools and voltage detectors).
Minimum breaking load (MBL)	The maximum certified test load that a rope will carry without parting.
Minimum descent altitude	A specified altitude, referenced to mean sea level, in a non-precision approach or circling approach below which an aircraft descent may not be made without visual reference.
Minimum dual spacing	The minimum recommended distance between centrelines of dual-mounted tyres to avoid touching or chafing in the flex area.
Minimum ignition temperature	The lowest temperature at which flame propagation occurs in a dust suspension.
Minister	The Minister of the Crown who, under the authority of any warrant or with the authority of the Prime Minister, is for the time being responsible for the administration of the HSE Act.
Miscellaneous dangerous substances and articles	(Class 9 dangerous goods) Any substance or article presenting a danger for transport and that is not covered by other classes. This includes substances transported at temperatures of 100 °C or higher in a liquid state or 240°C or higher in a solid state.
Miscibility	The property enabling two or more liquids to mix in any proportion to form a solution.
Mists	Airborne droplets. The droplets may carry substances in solution or particles in suspension. Mists are usually formed by the condensation of a vapour but may be produced by the atomisation of a liquid.
Mitt	Leather protective mitt attached to the front handle of a chainsaw to keep the hand on the saw in case of kickback.
Mixed load	A load comprised of different classes or divisions of dangerous goods, or dangerous goods and other goods from which they must be segregated.
MLS	Microwave landing system.
mm Hg	Millimetres of mercury (Hg). This is a unit of pressure. (See also Pascal).
MMA	Manual metal arc. Alternative name: electric arc welding.
Mobile crane	A non-load carrying self-propelled vehicle designed solely or principally for lifting objects using a boom with lifting gear.
Mobile electrical plant	(a) Self-propelled plant that is capable of moving while energised by a trailing cable; and (b) portable plant that is capable of being moved while energised by a trailing cable.
Mobile garbage bins	Bins with wheels and handle which are easily mobile and usually plastic, in which waste and recoverable resources are placed prior to removable for disposal or processing.
Mobile gas appliance	A gas appliance fitted with wheels which is designed to be easily moved by one person.
Mobile hauler	A cable hauler with an integral tower, mounted on a tracked or rubber-tyred carrier.
Mobile installation	An installation that is designed or intended to be moved from place to place without major dismantling or modification, whether or not it has its own motive power.
Mobile offshore drilling unit	A mechanically propelled unit or vessel that is capable of engaging in drilling operations for the exploration for, or exploitation of, resources beneath the seabed such as liquid or gaseous hydrocarbons, sulphur, or salt.
Mobile plant	Any self-propelled mechanical plant, such as wheel and crawler tractors, excavators, skidders, graders, loaders.
Mobile tailhold	A self-propelled unit (bulldozer or excavator) which is attached to ropes and blocks used in hauler operations.
Mobile tailspar	Short spar, usually mounted on a crawler tractor, used to facilitate rope shift and increase clearance.
Mode of transmission	The mechanisms by which an infectious agent is spread to humans, including direct (skin to skin, sexual intercourse, etc) and indirect (airborne, vector-borne, etc).
Model life table	A standard or reference life table used to estimate life expectancy remaining at age of death (ie the health loss function) for calculation of YLL.
Modification	Any change, alteration, addition to or removal from the original equipment or component, made in such a manner that the changed or altered portions or function of the equipment or component are different from the manufacturer's original design, specification or use.
Modify	In relation to a vehicle, means to change the vehicle from its original state by altering, substituting, adding or removing any structure, system, component or equipment; but does not include repair.
MOH	Ministry of Health.
MOJ	Ministry of Justice.
Mole	Amount of substance of any chemical species which contains the relative molecular mass. NOTE: A table of recommended values of relative molecular masses is given in ISO 6976[22].
Monitoring	The performance and analysis of routine measurements, aimed at detecting changes in the environment, provision of services, delivery of outputs, or health status of individuals or populations.
Monocoque	In relation to a vehicle, means that the chassis of the vehicle is integral to the body.
Monomer	A molecule or compound usually containing carbon and of relatively low molecular weight and simple structure, which is capable of conversion to polymers, by combination with itself or other similar molecules or compounds. E.g. vinyl chloride is the monomer from which polyvinyl chloride is made.
Monsoon bucket	A pilot-activated water bucket slung beneath a helicopter. Used to drop large amounts of water directly on top of a fire.
Montreal Protocol on Substances that Deplete the Ozone Layer	Introduces controls on a range of ozone-depleting substances.
Moorings	Any weight or article placed in or on the bed of a harbour for the purpose of securing a vessel; but does not include an anchor or weight lifted by the vessel when departing from the site, anchorage, or mooring.
Morbidity	Illness or disease. A morbidity rate for a certain illness is the number of people with that illness divided by the number of people in the population from which the illnesses were counted.
MORST	Ministry of Research, Science and Technology.
Morts	Dead fish.
Mortuary	A room regularly used or intended to be regularly used for the preparation of dead bodies for burial or for the embalming of dead bodies or the examination or treatment of dead bodies prior to burial: but does not include premises so used or intended to be used exclusively in [or in connection with a hospital care institution (within the meaning of section 58(4) of the Health and Disability Services (Safety) Act 2001)], or a school of anatomy established under the authority of the Governor-General in Council.
MOSHH	Management of Substances Hazardous to Health.
Motor grader	A self-propelled machine having an adjustable blade positioned between the front and rear axles, where that blade is used to cut, move and spread material as required.
Motor scraper	A self-propelled wheeled machine having a cutting edge positioned between front and rear axles which enables it to load, transport, discharge and spread material through the forward motion of the machine.
MOU	Memorandum of Understanding (often between government departments on a specific issue).
Mould	A device in which castings are made. The mould (usually of sand held together with a binding agent) has hollow spaces in it into which molten metal is poured. The shape of the hollow spaces gives the shape of the final product.
Moulded breadth	On a ship, means the maximum breadth of the ship, measured amidships to the moulded line of frame in a ship with a metal shell and to the outer surface of the hull in a s hip with a shell of any other metal.
Moulded depth	On a ship, means the vertical distance, measured amidships from the keel line to the top of the working deck beam at side. Where the working deck is stepped and the raised part of the deck extends over amidships, t he moulded depth is to be measured to a line of reference extending from the lower part of the deck along a line parallel with the raised part.
MOYA	Ministry of Youth Affairs.
Mouse over	Hover mouse pointer over a highlighted text for drill down to further detail.
Mouse trap	In skyline logging systems, a device for holding a moveable carriage at the spar during unhooking of the drag.
MPR	Marine Protection Rules.
MR	Maritime Rules.
MRL	Maximum Residue Limit.
MS	Mediation Service (of ERS).
MSC	Mountain Safety Council
MSD	Ministry of Social Development.
Mobile hauler	Trailer or self-propelled hauler with integral spar.
Mpa	Megapascals.
MPH	Master of Public Health.
MSD	Musculoskeletal disorder.
MSDS	Material safety data sheet.
MTA	Maritime Transport Act 1994.
MTOPP	Mean tracheal oxygen partial pressure.
Mucous membrane	Tissue which secretes mucous and lines body cavities such as the mouth and nose.
Multidisciplinary team	A functioning unit, composed of individuals with varied and specialised training, who coordinate their activities to provide services to a client or group of clients.
Multifactorial productivity (MFP)	Refers to the way that labour and capital are combined to produce gooods and services (also called total-factor productivity). It is driven by economies of scale, technical progress and the adoption of best practice.
Multiple chemical sensitivity (MCS)	A syndrome characterised by an abnormal, multi-organ sensitivity following chemical exposures. There is lack of agreement as to what the underlying pathological mechanisms are and whether multiple chemical sensitivity should be viewed as a separate clinical entity. Synonyms and related terms for MCS: environmental or ecological illness chemical acquired immune deficiency syndrome (chemical AIDS) total allergy syndrome 20th century disease cerebral allergy chemical sensitivity chemical intolerance environmental hypersensitivity toxic encephalopathy toxicant-induced loss of tolerance eco-syndrome.
Multiple earthed neutral system (MEN)	A system of supply of electricity in which the neutral is connected to the earth (a) at the source of supply; and (b) at points on the supply system; and (c) at every electrical installation connected to that system.
Multiple leader Multi-leader	Tree with three or more stems. See also Crutch, Double leader.
Multi-lifting	The use of more than one crane to raise a single load.
Multiple-earthed neutral (MEN) system	The system of public 230 V power supply used in New Zealand.
Multi-meter	An electrical test instrument designed to measure various quantities of an electrical circuit. The test instrument should be one that measures voltage (V), amperage (A) AC and DC, and resistance (ohms (Ω)).
Multi-piece rim wheels	A vehicle wheel consisting of two or more parts, one of which is a side or locking ring that holds the tyre and other components on the rim wheel by interlocking the components when the tyre is inflated.
Multiple-sensitive emergency-locking retractor	A seatbelt retractor that, during normal driving conditions, allows freedom of movement by the wearer of the seatbelt by means of length-adjusting components that automatically adjust the strap to the wearer, and that is activated by two or more of the following: (a) deceleration of the vehicle; or (b) acceleration of the strap from the retractor; or (c) other means of activation.
Musculo-skeletal system	The integrated system of the muscles, bones and joints in the body.
Musculoskeletal disorders (work-related)	A collective name for a range of conditions that affect the muscles, tendons, bones and joints. This term includes occupational overuse syndromes, back injuries and acute low back pain.
Mutagen	A substance which can cause genetic damage, i.e. damage to chromosomes.
Mutagenesis	The process of producing mutation.
Mutagenic	Able to produce genetic mutation.
Mutation	A change occurring in the genetic material (DNA) in the chromosomes of a cell. It is caused by a fault in the replication of a cell's genetic material when it divides to form two daughter cells.
Muting	Some machines are only considered dangerous during part of their cycle. If they are fitted with presence-sensing guards, then the guard may be de-activated during the non-dangerous part of the cycle so that the operator can approach the machine, to feed or extract workpieces, without causing it to stop. The position at which the guard is de-activated is called the muting position.
Mycobacterial reference laboratory	A laboratory providing a reference service to less specialised laboratories for identification and susceptibility testing of mycobacteria.
MYD	Ministry of Youth Development.
NABSA	An acronym for Not Afloat But Safely Aground. Used in many parts of the world to describe a berth in which the vessel is normally expected to take the bottom at some stage on the ebb tide.
Nanograms per cubic metre (ng/m3)	One billionth of a gram of a substance in a cubic metre of air.
Nape earmuff	An earmuff worn with the headband behind the head. A head-strap is normally provided that is to be worn over the head.
Narcosis	Lack of concentration, loss of co-ordination, loss of consciousness caused by exposure to a narcotic agent, possibly leading to coma and death.
Narcotic	A drug or chemical which causes narcosis.
Narrow blade band saw	A woodworking machine that is fitted with a blade in the form of a continuous band or strap running in a vertical direction; but does not mean aband re-saw or a log band breakdown saw.
National Poisons Centre	A 24-hour advisory service that answers enquiries both from health professionals and from the general public concerning acute poisoning and the toxic effects of chemicals, which may be encountered in emergencies of any sort. It is provided by the Department of Preventive and Social Medicine, University of Otago.
National Radiation Laboratory (NRL)	A specialist business unit in the Ministry of Health. It provides a resource of expert advice, service provision and research capability on matters concerning public, occupational and medical exposure to radiation radiation, the performance of radiation equipment, and the measurement of radiation and radioactivity.
Natural and physical resources	Means (a) organisms of all kinds; and (b) the air, water, and soil in or on which any organism lives or may live; and (c) landscape and land form; and (d) geological features; and (e) structures of all kinds; and (f) systems of interacting living organisms and their environment.
Natural gas	(a) Means: (i) any naturally occurring gaseous hydrocarbon; or (ii) any mixture of naturally occurring gaseous hydrocarbons; or (iii) any other naturally occurring substance that is in a gaseous state at a temperature of 15°C and an absolute pressure of 101.325 kP and that is recovered by mining; and (b) includes Liquefied Petroleum Gas.
Natural hazard	Any atmospheric or earth or water related occurrence (including earthquake, tsunami, erosion, volcanic and geothermal activity, landslip, subsidence, sedimentation, wind, drought, fire, or flooding) the action of which adversely affects or may adversely affect human life, property, or other aspects of the environment.
Nautical certificate of competency	A certificate of competency, the requirements for which are prescribed in any of maritime rule rules 32.8 to 32.19.
Nautical chart	A special-purpose map, or a specially compiled database from which such a map is derived, that is issued officially by, or on the authority of, the relevant government institution and is designed to meet the requirements of marine navigation.
Nautical publication	A special-purpose book, or a specially compiled database from which such a book is derived, that is issued officially by, or on the authority of, the relevant government institution and is designed to meet the requirements of marine navigation.
Naval Health Service	An organisation which provides OSH with expert medical opinion on diving issues.
Navigate/Navigational	A vessel or craft is said to be navigating if it is able to transit for a distance of about two kilometres under its own power or using environmental conditions. Navigational Safety Management is the system of criteria, standards and competence that maintain the ability of a vessel or craft to navigate safely in confined waters such as are found in harbour areas.
Navigational warnings	Warnings regarding hazards to safe navigation of ships, issued by Maritime New Zealand and the New Zealand Hydrographic Office and broadcast by coast stations.
NAVTEX	The international service of co-ordinated broadcast and automatic reception on 518kHz of maritime safety information by means of narrow-band direct-printing telegraphy using the English language.
NB	Nominal bore.
NDB	Non-directional radio beacon.
NDE	Non-destructive examination.
Negative display	A method of character display on the VDU screen that shows bright characters on a dark background. (The reverse of paper.)
Negative pressure	Condition that exists when less air is supplied to a space than is exhausted from the space, so the air pressure within that space is less than that in surrounding areas.
Neoplasm	Another word for tumour.
Neo-vagina	Name used for a constructed vagina which replaces the male genitalia, removed during a surgical process undertaken by some male to female transgender people.
Nephrotoxin	A chemical which may cause kidney damage. Common examples include antimony compounds, dimethyl sulphoxide, dimethylformamide and tetrahydrofuran.
NES	National Environmental Standard (under the RMA).
Net Environmental Benefit Analysis (NEBA)	A process of weighing the advantages and disadvantages of taking a particular course of action (such as dispersant spraying), including recognising the likely outcomes if the course of action is not taken (the impact of doing nothing). The result will determine if there will be a net (overall) beneficial or detrimental outcome of taking any or no action.
Network	For electricity, this refers to the interconnected transmission or distribution lines or cables and associated power transformers for supplying power to customers.
Network operator	The person who or organisation which controls the supply of electricity to the power lines involved.
Network operators (rail)	Those operators with a railway network of 40 route kilometres or more. Tranz Rail and the Taieri Gorge Railway are the only such operators in New Zealand.
Network owner	The person or organisation who owns the power lines involved.
Network utility operator	A person who: (a) Undertakes the distribution or transmission by pipeline of natural or manufactured gas, petroleum, or geothermal energy; or (b) Is an electricity operator or electrical distributor as defined by section 2(1) of the Electricity Act 1992 for the purposes of any works defined by that Act; or (c) Undertakes the piped distribution of potable water for supply; or (d) Is the operator of a sewerage system or a stormwater drainage system.
Neural tube defects	Birth defects of the neural tube such as anencephalus and spina bifida.
Neurobehavioral toxicity	A toxic effect on the behavior or development of an organism, such as learning or socialising skills.
Neurotoxin	A chemical whose primary action is on the CNS (Central Nervous System). Many neurotoxins, such as some mercury compounds, are highly toxic, and must only be used under carefully-controlled conditions.
Neutral (N)	The return wire of an AC electrical circuit. Colours: blue or black.
Neutral posture	The body position that minimises stresses on the body. Typically the neutral posture will be near the mid-range of any joint's range of motion.
New Zealand Aeronautical Information Publications	The AIP for New Zealand published for the Authority by the holder of the AIS certificate for the AIP service.
New Zealand accredited laboratory	A laboratory that is currently accredited by International Accreditation New Zealand on behalf of the Testing Laboratory Registration Council.
New Zealand Cancer Registry NZCR	A population-based register of all primary malignant diseases diagnosed in New Zealand, excluding squamous cell and basal cell skin cancers.
New Zealand Gazette	A Government publication that publishes official notices.
New Zealand Register of Aircraft	The register established under section 73 of the Act.
New Zealand Safe Ship Management Certificate	The maritime document issued under Part V of the Maritime Transport Act 1994 in accordance with rule 21.13(7) or rule 21.13(11).
New Zealand ship	A ship that is registered under the Ship Registration Act 1992; and includes a ship that is not registered but is required or entitled to be registered.
New Zealand Standard	A standard promulgated by the Standards Council as a New Zealand Standard under the Standards Act 1988 or as a standard specification under the Standards Act 1965.
New Zealand waters	Means: (a) the territorial sea of New Zealand; and (b) the internal waters of New Zealand; and (c) all rivers and other inland waters of New Zealand.
New organism	Any organism that: was not legally present in New Zealand immediately before 29 July 1998; is prescribed as a risk species in HSNO regulations; is present in New Zealand but is found only in containment - for example, only in zoos or laboratories; has been genetically modified; has been eradicated from New Zealand.
Nga Kaihautu Tikanga Taiao	A special advisory committee set up to advise the Environmental Risk Management Authority on Maori perspectives of applications in order to give effect to the principles of the Treaty of Waitangi in the HSNO Act.
ng/g	Concentration units in nanograms (ng) per gram(g) where a nanogram is 10-9grams.
NGO	The National Gas Outlet (America).
NGOs	Non-governmental organisations.
Night	The hours between: (1) the end of evening civil twilight, which is when the centre of the setting sun's disc is 6 degrees below the horizon; and (2) the beginning of morning civil twilight, which is when the centre of the rising sun's disc is 6 degrees below the horizon.
NIHL	Noise-induced hearing loss.
NIOSH	National Institute of Occupational Safety and Health, USA.
Nitro-compound	Any chemical compound possessed of explosive properties, or capable of combining with metals to form an explosive compound, which is produced by the chemical action of nitric acid (whether mixed or not with sulphuric acid) or of a nitrate mixed with sulphuric acid upon any carbonaceous substance, whether the compound is mechanically mixed with other substances or not.
NMVOCs	Non-methane volatile organic compounds.
NODS	Notifiable Occupational Disease System.
No observable adverse effect level (NOAEL)	The dose of a chemical in a study, or a group of studies, at which there are no statistically or biologically significant increases in frequency or severity of adverse effects seen between the exposed group and its appropriate control group. Effects may be produced at this dose, but they are not considered to be adverse.
No-go area	An area that personnel shall be prohibited from entering when the plant is operating.
NOHSAC	National Occupational Health and Safety Advisory Committee. Established in July 2003, its function is to provide independent advice directly to the Minister of Labour on major occupational health and safety issues in New Zealand.
NOHSC	National Occupational Health and Safety Commission (Australia).
Noise	Noise means any sound which is present in the place of work whether it is wanted or not wanted, and includes sound energy of any frequency, whether or not capable of being perceived by the unaided human ear.
Noise dose	The amount of noise exposure relative to the exposure limit for a working day. It is normally stated as a percentage of the limit such that 100% represents an LAeq,8h of 85 dB(A).
Noise exposure	The amount of sound energy a person is exposed to during a typical day.
Noise exposure level	The LAeq,8h, and is a measure of the noise exposure of a person.
Noise-induced hearing loss (NIHL)	Permanent loss of hearing caused by exposure to excessive noise.
Non-combustible material	A material that neither burns nor gives off flammable vapours in sufficient quantity for self - ignition when heated to approximately 750° C, this being determined this being determined in accordance with the Fire Test Procedures Code. Any other material is a combustible material.
Non-conformity	In relation to maritime safety, means an identifiable deviation from the stated practices and conditions of the organisation's documented approved safe ship management system, which poses a risk to personnel or ship safety or to the marine environment, and requires corrective action; and includes lack of effective and systematic implementation of a requirement of the New Zealand Safe Ship Management Code.
Non-directional tread	A general-purpose tread pattern designed so that the tyre can be run in either direction without loss of traction or self-cleaning properties.
Non-return valve	A valve designed to operate automatically to prevent reversal of flow in a pipe.
Non-SOLAS	In relation to a life-saving appliance, means an appliance that is not required by maritime rules to meet the requirements for that type of appliance contained in the International Convention for the Safety of Life at Sea, 1974.
Non-steering axle	Any axle of a vehicle the wheels of which remain substantially parallel with the longitudinal centre-line of the vehicle while the vehicle is turning.
No observable adverse effect level (NOAEL)	The highest dose or concentration of a substance at which no significant adverse biological or toxic effect is observed.
Normally closed	Switch contacts which are closed when the switch actuator is under no pressure.
Normally open	Switch contacts which are open when the switch actuator is under no pressure.
Normative appendix	An Appendix that forms an integral part of the body of a Standard which, for reasons of convenience, is placed after the body of the Standard.
Nosocomial infection	An infection (including TB) occurring in a hospital setting. It can be transmitted from patient to patient, from staff member to patient, or from patient to staff member.
NOTAM	A notice distributed by means of telecommunication containing information concerning the establishment, condition or change in any aeronautical facility, service, procedure or hazard, the timely knowledge of which is essential to personnel concerned with flight operations.
NOTAM service	A service for the issue and distribution of NOTAM relevant to air navigation in the New Zealand FIR and in the areas of the Auckland Oceanic FIR in which New Zealand is responsible for air traffic services.
Notch	Groove cut in a stump to prevent a rope slipping off.
Notice of intention to defend (ERS Tribunal)	If a respondent wishes to defend a case set down they need to formally advise the Tribunal of their intention to defend. Within 10 days of receiving the applicant's Statement of Claim the respondent must file a Notice of Intention to Defend with the Tribunal.
Notifiable disease	A communicable disease, sexually transmitted disease, or other medical condition of public health significance, notification of which is required by statute and the outbreak of which may be prevented, controlled or treated using the authority and powers particularly available under legislation.
Notifiable occupational disease	See Notifiable Occupational Disease System (NODS). These include diseases caused by asbestos, chemicals, metals, solvents, etc. occupational overuse syndrome, noise-induced hearing loss, etc.
Notifiable Occupational Disease System (NODS)	A system for notifying health-related conditions suspected to arise from work, administered by the Occupational Safety and Health Service.
Notifiable work	Specified types of work, e.g. involving asbestos, logging, construction, mining, diving, that must be notified to OSH before work commences. (a) Any restricted work, as that term is defined in regulation 2(1) of the [Health and Safety in Employment (Asbestos) Regulations 1998]: (b) Any logging operation or tree-felling operation, being an operation that is undertaken for commercial purposes: (c) Any construction work of one or more of the following kinds: (i) Work in which a risk arises that any person may fall 5 metres or more, other than- (A) Work in connection with a residential building up to and including 2 full storeys: (B) Work on overhead telecommunications lines and overhead electric power lines: (C) Work carried out from a ladder only: (D) Maintenance and repair work of a minor or routine nature: (ii) The erection or dismantling of scaffolding from which any person may fall 5 metres or more: (iii) Work using a lifting appliance where the appliance has to lift a mass of 500 kilograms or more a vertical distance of 5 metres or more, other than work using an excavator, a fork-lift, or a self-propelled mobile crane: (iv) Work in any pit, shaft, trench, or other excavation in which any person is required to work in a space more than 1.5 metres deep and having a depth greater than the horizontal width at the top: (v) Work in any drive, excavation, or heading in which any person is required to work with a ground cover overhead: (vi) Work in any excavation in which any face has a vertical height of more than 5 metres and an average slope steeper than a ratio of 1 horizontal to 2 vertical: (vii) Work in which any explosive is used or in which any explosive is kept on the site for the purpose of being used: (viii) Work in which any person breathes air that is or has been compressed or a respiratory medium other than air
Notified toxic substances (NOTS)	Substances that were notified under section 32 of the Toxic Substances Act 1979 and were in New Zealand prior to commencement of the hazardous substance elements of the HSNO Act (2 July 2001).
Noxious chemicals	Chemicals with objectionable odours which may be toxic or hazardous.
Noxious substance	Any substance specified in the Schedule to the Noxious Substances Regulations 1954. These are as follows: (1) dinitro-ortho-cresol (DNC); but not including a substance used as an insecticide and containing not more than 5 percent of DNC; (2) dinitro-o-sec-butyl-phenol (DNBP); but not including a substance used as an insecticide and containing not more than 5 percent of DNBP; (3) para-nitrophenyl-diethyl-thiophosphate (Parathion or E605); (4) bis-dimethylamino-phosphorous anhydride (Schradan or Pestox); (5) bis-dimethylamino-fluorophosphine oxide (Dimefox); (6) bis-isopropylamino-fluorophosphine oxide (Mipafox); (7) tetraethyl pyrophosphate (TEPP); (8) hexaethyl tetraphosphate (HETP or Hexone); (9) any other organo-phosphate compound, and any other dinitro phenolic derivative; but not including a substance used as an insecticide and containing not more than 5 percent of a dinitro phenolic derivative. The following substances were declared by the Noxious Substances Notice 1958 to be noxious substances: Endrin, potassium arsenite, sodium arsenite, fluoroacetic acid and its derivatives, fluoroacetamide and its derivatives. The following substances were also declared by the Noxious Substances Notice 1959 to be noxious substances: methyl bromide, chloropicrin, Aldrin, except in preparations containing 1% or less of aldrin, Dieldrin, except in preparations containing 1% or less of dieldrin.
NPC	See National Poisons Centre.
Nurse	A health practitioner who: (a) is, or is deemed to be, registered with the Nursing Council of New Zealand continued by section 114(1)(a) of the Health Practitioners Competence Assurance Act 2003 as a practitioner of the profession of nursing whose scope of practice permits the performance of general nursing functions; and (b) holds a current practising certificate.
Nursing process	A term applied to the systematic approach used by the nurse in the practice of nursing in any situation. The steps of the process consist of assessment, planning, implementation and evaluation of outcome. It is a tool for establishing accountability for nursing practice.
NZAMM	New Zealand Association of Musculoskeletal Medicine.
NZBS	New Zealand Blood Service.
NZCIC	New Zealand Chemical Industry Council.
NZCTU	New Zealand Council of Trade Unions.
NZDF	New Zealand Defence Force.
NZDS	New Zealand Dermatological Society.
NZES	New Zealand Electrical Specification.
NZFOA	New Zealand Forest Owner Association.
NZFSA	New Zealand Food Safety Authority
NZHIS	New Zealand Health Information Service.
NZIPS	New Zealand Injury Prevention Strategy.
NZISM	New Zealand Institute of Safety Management.
NZIW	New Zealand Institute of Welding.
NZMA	New Zealand Medical Association.
NZMFA	New Zealand Marine Farmers Association.
NZNO	The New Zealand Nurses Organisation.
NZOHS	New Zealand Occupational Hygiene Society Inc.
NZQA	New Zealand Qualifications Authority.
NZSAR	New Zealand maritime search and rescue.
NZSCO	New Zealand Standard Classification of Occupations.

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