The following is a glossary
of some key terms, concepts and acronyms used in the publications in this
and in linked web sites. The terms and definitions are drawn from a number
of sources including legislation, standards, codes of practice, guides,
reports and other documents. For translations into Maori of some of the
key terms here, see the English-Maori
Glossary of Occupational Safety and Health Terms.
If you have any suggestions
for additions to the glossary, please e-mail them to the webmaster.
| Term or Acronym |
Definition |
| °C |
Degrees Celsius. |
| CAA |
Civil Aviation Authority. |
| Cab-guard |
A structure attached to a vehicle that provides protection
to the cab occupants from the effects of load impact; and may include
a headboard. |
| Cabin Operator Protective Structure (COPS) |
A structure designed to be attached to or form part
of, a mobile plant for the purpose of reducing the possibility that
an operator wearing a seatbelt in the driving position from being
harmed should the plant roll, receive a blow from a falling object,
or tip over, or where there is the possibility of an object entering
the cabin. In some cases, the falling object protective structure
(FOPS), roll over protective structure (ROPS), cabin operator protective
structure (COPS) or tip over protective structure (TOPS) could be
the same structure. |
| Cable car |
A vehicle: (i) that carries people or goods on or along
an inclined plane or a suspended cable; and (ii) that operates wholly
or partly outside of a building; and (iii) the traction for which
is supplied by a cable or any other means; but
does not include a lift that carries people or goods between the floors
of a building. |
| Cable clamp |
A clamp designed for joining two sections of light
wire rope. Most often used to form an eye, or loop around a stump.
|
| Cable logging |
Any hauling employing a stationary machine with powered
drum(s), spars, blocks, wire rope and butt rigging to haul logs from
the felling site to an assembly point or landing. |
| Cable hauler |
Principal machine in a cable logging operation, consisting
of winches and spar. |
| Calibration |
A set of operations that establish, under specified
conditions, the relationship between values of quantities indicated
by a measuring instrument or measuring system, or values represented
by a material measure or a reference material, and the corresponding
values obtained using working standards. |
| Calibration |
Interval period of time during which the analytical
system would normally be used between calibrations. |
| Calorific value |
The amount of heat, expressed in megajoules, that
is generated by the complete combustion in air of one cubic metre
of gas free from water vapour, with the gas, air and products of combustion
all being measured at standard condition, and with all of the water
formed by combustion being condensed. |
| Cam |
A specially shaped plate or drum, or a plate or drum
having a specially shaped grove, used to cause a desired linear motion
to a 'cam follower'. May be mounted on a shaft, i.e. rotary cam, or
on a sliding member, i.e. linear cam. May be used to operate limit
switches or hydraulic and pneumatic valves in interlock mechanisms. |
| Cancelled (ERS Employment Court, Tribunal
or Authority) |
A scheduled hearing or investigation meeting that was
cancelled prior to the hearing taking place. |
| Cancer |
A malignant tumour which can spread to other organs
of the body, as distinct from a benign tumour which cannot. (Although
leukaemia and some other malignant diseases are not solid tumours,
they meet other criteria for cancer and can be, and often are, included
under this definition.) |
| Cancer of the lung |
A malignant tumour of the bronchus. |
| Cannabis |
Cannabis Sativa is the botanical name of the hemp plant. |
| Cannabis dependence syndrome |
Refers to the continued use of cannabis despite adverse
personal and social consequences. The cannabis user behaves as though
the effects of the drug are needed for their continued wellbeing.
Dependency exists in varying degrees. It is similar to other drug
dependence syndromes. |
| Cant |
A log that is ripped length-wise so that the resulting
thick pieces have two opposing, parallel flat sides and in some cases
a third side that is sawn flat. |
| Cant hook |
A hand tool consisting of a lever or bar with a hinged
steel hook used for rolling stems or logs. |
| Cantilever |
Beam or member supported firmly at one end and unsupported
at the other, carrying a 'sideways' load. |
| CANZ |
Composites Association of New Zealand Incorporated. |
| Cap and base |
A pneumatic tyre tread formed from two separate strips
of compound having different physical characteristics; the upper strip
or cap forming tread pattern and the lower strip of base forming the
undertread. |
| Capacitor |
Device for storing electric charge on metal plates
separated by an insulating medium. |
| Capacity |
The amount of physical or mental work that an individual
is capable of doing at any particular time. An individual's capacity
for work or for a particular task will decline with fatigue and when
the demands of the task exceed the available capacity, performance
declines. So it refers to just how much you can do.
An example of capacity: an individual can do 6 hours work in front
of a computer, before he or she is too tired to continue without performance
dropping below preset standards. |
| Capacity (of a tank or cylinder) |
The total volume of the space enclosed within the tank
or cylinder, expressed in kilolitres or litres respectively. NOTE:
This is often referred to as 'water capacity'. |
| Capacity (of a regulator) |
The maximum volumetric throughput at a given inlet
and outlet pressure under specific gas conditions for which a regulator
is designed with the valve(s) maintaining control of the flow. |
| Capstan |
A powered spool designed to pull a rope by means of
friction, e.g. for an endless rope hauling system. |
| CAR |
Civil Aviation Rules. |
| Car body |
The undercarriage of a swing yarder capable of propelling
and swinging the main body and tower. |
| Carcinogen |
An agent which is responsible for the formation of
a cancer. |
| Carcinogenic |
Causing a statistically significant increase in the
incidence of tumours - see HSNO Regulations. |
| Cargo |
Includes:
(a) ship's stores, provisions, equipment and fuel:
(b) mail:
(c) material for the repair of the ship or for the fitting of a cargo
space:
(d) containers, shipborne barges and any other unit of a permanent
character that facilitates the transport of an aggregation of cargo
as a single unit, but does not include cargo gear. |
| Cargo area |
That part of the ship that contains:
(a) cargo tanks, slop tanks and cargo pump-rooms, including pump-
-rooms, cofferdams, ballast and void spaces adjacent to cargo tanks;
and
(b) deck areas throughout the entire length and breadth of the part
of the ship over the above-mentioned spaces. |
| Cargo gear |
Means:
(a) a ship's derrick, a ship's standing or running rigging, a ship's
crane, or a ship's winch; and
(b) a chain, rope, or attachment of any description for working cargo;
and
(c) a tray, tub, or box (other than a CSC cargo container), equipped
with permanent fittings for lowering or lifting; and
(d) any other appliance or article for working cargo that is for the
time being declared by the Chief Surveyor of Ships, by notice in writing
served on the owner, to be cargo gear for the purposes of these regulations
[General Harbour (Safe Working Load) Regulations 1982] but does not
include a lifting appliance that is used in a ship's machinery spaces
or a lifting appliance that is used exclusively in respect of a ship's
stores or equipment. |
| Cargo spaces |
All spaces used for cargo (including cargo oil tanks)
and trunks to such spaces: |
| CARM |
Centre for Adverse Reactions Monitoring. A national
centre that collects and evaluates spontaneous reports of adverse
reactions to medicines, vaccines, herbal products and dietary supplements
from health professionals in New Zealand. |
| Carpet boom |
A ram or boom attachment which can be inserted into
hollow objects for lifting purposes e.g. carpets, coils. |
| Carriage |
A load carrying device which travels freely on sheaves
running on a wire rope for hauling or loading logs. |
| Carriage |
On a forklift, a support structure for forks or attachments,
generally roller-mounted, travelling vertically within the mast of
a cantilever truck. |
| Carrier |
Includes every person engaged in carrying goods for
hire or reward by any mode of transport, whether by land, water or
air. |
| Carrier |
In relation to any infectious disease, means any person
having in his blood, or in his nose or throat, or in his excretions,
or in his discharges, the specific infectious agent of that disease,
though he may exhibit no other sign or symptom of that disease. |
| Carrier gas |
Pure gas introduced so as to transport a sample through
the separation unit of a gas chromatograph for analytical purposes.
NOTE: Typical carrier gases are hydrogen, nitrogen, helium and argon. |
| Cartridge |
A container for propane, butane, or LPG which is filled
during manufacture and not intended to be re-filled. Known also as
a one-trip or disposable container. |
| CAS Number |
See Chemical Abstracts Service Service Registry Number. |
| Casing (Sleeve) |
A pipe or duct through which runs a smaller pipe carrying
gas; the duct protects the smaller pipe. |
| Casting |
(1) The production of metal components by pouring molten
metal into moulds and allowing it to solidify.
(2) A metal component produced by casting. |
| Castor |
A swivelling wheel secured to the base of a vertical
member of a scaffold for the purpose of mobilising it. |
| Casualty/ies |
The human impact in terms of numbers of people killed,
injured, sick, missing or homeless. In maritime emergencies, it is
also used to refer to a vessel in distress. |
| Catch screen |
A protective structure made of suitable materials such
as scaffold tubes and planking, and fixed to the face of the building
or to the perimeter fencing, to contain falling debris during demolition.
|
| Cathode |
The negative electrode in an electroplating or anodising
solution. |
| Cathodic protection |
The use of an impressed current or sacrificial anodes
or, where applicable, drainage bonding to prevent or reduce the rate
of corrosion in a metal pipeline in soil by making the pipeline cathodic
to soil. |
| CBIP |
Certification Board for Inspection Personnel. |
| CC |
Case control. |
| CCA mixture |
The most common type of timber preservative used in
New Zealand, a copper-chrome-arsenic mixture. |
| CCOHS |
Canadian Centre for Occupational Health and Safety. |
| CCP |
Critical Control Point. |
| CDC |
Centres for Disease Control and Prevention. |
| Cellar |
An excavation around the top of a geothermal well to
accommodate part of the wellhead. |
| Central nervous system (CNS) |
The part of the nervous system that includes the brain
and the spinal cord. |
| Central tyre inflation system |
A type of tyre pressure control system that adjusts
tyre pressure for the purpose of inflating and deflating tyres to
improve tyre adhesion and reduce road surface damage and which is
under the central control of the driver or an automated system, or
a combination of both the driver and an automated system. (Commonly
known as 'CTI'.) |
| Centre (machine tools) |
A tapered device which is fitted to the headstock or
tailstock of a lathe or other machine tool, to support and centralise
a component whose ends have been centre drilled. |
| Centre drill |
A drill which drills a tapered hole in a workpiece,
usually in the centre, subsequently used to mount the workpiece in
a lathe, between 'centres', or as an accurate starting point for a
drill. |
| Centre line |
A marked line on a workpiece about which dimensions
can be equally divided. |
| Centre of gravity |
The point at which the object's entire weight may be
considered as concentrated. |
| Centre punch (centre pop) |
A hardened steel punch, tapering to a point at one
end, used for marking the centres of holes to be drilled. |
| Centrifuge |
A device used for separating heavier from lighter parts
of a mixture, e.g. solids from liquids, by rotating a container at
high speeds. The centrifugal force is greater on the heavier parts,
so they move to the 'outside' of the container furthest from the axis. |
| Ceramic fibres |
Amorphous, glassy, predominantly alumino-silicate materials
which are created from molten masses of either alumina and silica
or naturally occurring kaolin clays. |
| Certificate of competence |
A certificate of one of the kinds referred to in regulation
27 of the HSE Regulations, i.e.as a diver, construction blaster, powder-actuated
tool operator, and scaffolder. |
| Certificate of loading (COL) |
A certificate issued to a vehicle that requires verification
of its loading and weight limits. |
| Certification Body |
An organisation carrying out certification assessments
of other organisations to the AS/NZS ISO 9000 series Quality Management
Standards and which is accredited by the Joint Accreditation System
of Australia and New Zealand. |
| CFCs |
Chlorofluorocarbons. |
| CGA |
Compressed Gas Association (of America). |
| CH4 |
Methane. |
| Chafer |
A strip of rubberised cross-woven fabric fitted around
the part of the tyre bead which comes into contact with the rim. |
| Chain |
A series of interconnected metal links, producing a
'flexible cable' used for supporting loads in tension or for transmission
of power between shafts, by running over sprockets (chain wheels).
|
| Chain and board |
A graphic method of calculating skyline load path and
deflection by hanging a length of light chain to a drawing board covered
with graph paper. |
| Chainbrake |
A safety device on a chainsaw designed to stop the
chain in the event of kickback. |
| Chain catcher |
A pin or stud behind the bar, designed to prevent
the chain from lashing back if it breaks. Sometimes referred to as
peg. |
| Chain conveyor |
A conveyor built up in the form of a chain, usually
overhead, supporting the components being conveyed on hooks below.
|
| Chainsaw |
A powered saw in which the cutting action is performed
by a series of linked teeth, which travel around a guide bar. |
| Chainsaw chaps |
A form of protective leg wear. Chaps cover the lower
leg, front, and inside of the thigh. They are secured at the back
with straps. |
| Chainsaw-resistant footwear |
Any footwear that meets the requirements of the Australian/New
Zealand Standard 2210 Occupational protective equipment Part 1
or any other Standard embodying the same or more stringent criteria. |
| Chainsaw trousers |
A form of protective leg wear. These are worn like
ordinary trousers but are made with chainsaw-resistant material such
as balistic nylon with the inside thigh padded, e.g. with KEVLAR.
|
| Chalking |
Photo-oxidation of paint binders causing powder on
the film surface. |
| Challenge |
A party may challenge the determination of the Authority
to the Employment Court, if that party is dissatisfied with that determination.
|
| Challenging behaviours |
Behaviours that put caregivers, clients or others at
risk due to the inability of a client to protect themselves from harm,
or to control behaviours that are likely to cause serious offence
or injury or damage. |
| Chambers (ERS Employment Court, Tribunal
or Authority) |
A hearing that is conducted outside of a hearing room
often in the Judge or Tribunal Member's office (or 'chambers'). |
| Chamfer cut |
Angled cut to remove a large limb or fork from a stem. |
| Channel steel |
Steel bar rolled into the form of a flat bottomed 'U'. |
| Charge |
A cased cartridge or a caseless pellet of explosive,
designed specifically for a powder-actuated, hand-held fastening tool. |
| Chaser |
An employee who removes chokers from logs at the log
landing. |
| Chassis |
The structural lower part of a vehicle to which the
running gear and, as applicable, engine, transmission, steering system
and body may be attached. |
| Chassis assembly |
A chassis with running gear attached and, as applicable,
engine, transmission and steering system attached. |
| Chassis rating |
Means:
(a) for a vehicle first registered before 1 February 1989 that has
not been modified on or after 1 April 2005, a set of data, containing
the gross vehicle mass, gross combination (if applicable) and maximum
towed mass (if applicable), approved or determined by the Director
or a person appointed by the Director;
(b) for a vehicle first registered on or after 1 February 1989 or
a vehicle that has been modified on or after 1 April 2005, a set of
data, containing the permitted maximum axle and/or axle-set masses,
gross vehicle mass, gross combination mass (if applicable) and maximum
towed mass (if applicable), approved or determined by the Director
or a person appointed by the Director. |
| Check plate |
The outer shell of a logging block which holds the
sheave in place and through which the pin is inserted. |
| Cheater bar |
A safety extension device for using on the twitch
when tensioning the load. It differs from a pipe extension because
it locks on to the end of the twitch and cannot fly loose. |
| ChemCall© |
A 24-hour, 365 day emergency response service provided
by the New Zealand Chemical Industry Council (NZCIC). |
| Chemical Abstracts Registry Service Number
(CAS No.) |
A number assigned to a single chemical by the Chemical
Abstracts Service, Columbus Ohio, a US-based chemical reference service.
|
| Chemical hazard |
Any chemical in the workplace that can affect health,
including agrichemicals, e.g. organophosphate pesticides; chemical
fumes, e.g. ammonia; corrosive chemicals, e.g. sulphuric acid. |
| Chemical tanker |
A non-passenger ship constructed or adapted and used
for the carriage in bulk of any liquid product listed in Chapter 17
of the International Bulk Chemical Code. |
| Chemiluminescence detector (CD) |
Detector that uses a reducing reaction in which molecules
give rise to characteristic luminous emissions which are measured
by a photomultiplier and the associated electronic devices. NOTE:
Chemiluminescence detector is used in gas chromatography mainly to
detect components which contain particular elements, e.g. nitrogen
oxide (NO) and sulfur (S). |
| Chequer plate |
Steel plate with the surface roughened in a diamond
pattern, used for 'non-slip' flooring. |
| Chest attachment |
Lanyard attachment point on a full-body harness at
the wearer's centre front and at chest level. |
| Chicane |
A device that channels traffic by means of a series
of alternating turns designed to reduce traffic speed. |
| Child |
A boy or girl under the age of 14. [Childrens, Young
Persons and their Families Act 1989] |
| Child resistant |
In relation to packaging of hazardous substances,
means that:
(a) 80% of children aged between 42 and 51 months would be unable
to gain access to the contents of the packaging, or would be unlikely
to obtain a toxic dose from packaging that is or contains a dispensing
device within a period of 5 minutes; and
(b) 90% of adults aged between 50 and 70 years would be able to open
and re-close any child-resistant closure in the packaging. |
| Chloracne |
A particular type of acne on the face, neck, chest,
back and extremities, which is often prolonged (it may last for decades)
and may recur after remission. It is associated with chlorinated chemicals,
particularly the PCDDs, PCDFs and PCBs. |
| Chocked |
Secured from movement by mechanical stops. |
| Choke |
To wrap a strop around a log and pull it tight prior
to hauling it. |
| Choker hook |
Connector on a strop which enables a noose to be formed
around the end of a log. |
| Choker/strop |
A steel cable, or rope, used to choke or cinch logs
for transport. |
| Cholinesterase |
An enzyme that plays a part in the transmission of
nerve impulses. |
| Chopped-strand spraying |
The propulsion through a chopping mechanism and onto
a mould, by means of a jet of compressed air, of glass-fibre rovings,
resins, and catalysts. |
| Chord |
Straight line between points of support of the skyline. |
| Chronic aquatic ecotoxicity value |
The lowest value expressed in units of milligrams
of a substance per litre of water from chronic fish, crustacean, algal,
or other aquatic plant NOEC data. |
| Chronic exposure |
The result of long-term exposure to a harmful agent.
|
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)
and chronic
bronchitis |
Lung diseases characterised by a widespread reduction
in the diameter of the airways that cannot be reversed by treatment,
and bronchial mucous hypersecretion. Tobacco smoking is the most important
risk factor, but work-related exposures such as coal, silica, cotton
dust and grain dusts are strongly associated with with the development
of these conditions. |
| Chronic renal failure |
A disorder of the kidney characterised by permanent
damage to the filtration tissues. In the occupational setting, the
nephritic syndrome is probably the most important type of chronic
renal failure. The strongest connection between occupational exposures
and chronic renal failure is with metals such as lead, cadmium, chromium,
copper and mercury, including via welding fumes. |
| Chronic solvent-induced toxic encephalopathy |
(Also known as chronic solvent neurotoxicity) A disorder
of the nervous system arising from exposure to certain organic solvents.
Causative occupational exposures occur in processes that require the
use of organic solvents. These include processes using degreasing
agents, paints and glues, as well as in the manufacture of textiles,
plastics, polymers and pharmaceuticals, and in the use of fibreglass,
as occurs in boat building. |
| Chronic toxicity |
Harmful effects of a chemical which occur after repeated
or prolonged exposure. Chronic effects may also occur some time after
exposure has ceased. |
| Chrysotile |
A type of asbestos. A magnesium silicate, white in
colour. |
| Chuck |
A device attached to the spindle of machine tools used
for gripping revolving workpieces, cutting tools, twist drills, etc. |
| CI |
Confidence interval. |
| CIG |
Commonwealth Industrial Gases (Australia). |
| CIMS |
Co-ordinated Incident Management System. |
| CIMS |
Client Information Management System (Employment Relations
Computer System). The ERS case management application. |
| Circadian rhythms |
Cyclic changes in physiological variables, or biological
rhythms, can vary in terms of their period (time to complete one cycle).
A large number of biological rhythms have a period that is close to
24h, and these are referred to as Circadian rhythms. Literally, circadian
means 'about a day'. |
| Circuit |
Wires arranged for the purpose of carrying an electric
current. |
| Circuit-breaker |
A device designed to automatically disconnect the power
supply in the event of an overload or fault. This can also be manually
operated as a switch to disconnect a circuit. Circuit-breakers are
different to residual current devices in that they will not protect
you from receiving an electric shock. |
| Civil Aviation Rules |
Rules made under the Act. |
| Civil defence declaration |
See Declaration. |
| Civil defence emergency |
A situation that causes or may cause loss of life,
injury or disaster or in any way endanger the safety of the public
and cannot be dealt with by the Police, NZ Fire Service or otherwise
without the adoption of civil defence measures. |
| Civil defence emergency management |
(a) The application of knowledge, measures, and practices
that
(i) are necessary or desirable for the safety of the public or property;
and
(ii) are designed to guard against, prevent, reduce, or overcome any
hazard or harm or loss that may be associated with any emergency;
and
(b) includes, without limitation, the planning, organisation, co-ordination,
and implementation of those measures, knowledge, and practices. |
| Claimant |
The injured person who receives rehabilitation and
compensation from ACC. |
| Class (dangerous goods) |
The groupings, numbered from 1 to 9, into which dangerous
goods are assigned on the basis of a common single or most significant
hazard, as specified in the following documents:
(a) New Zealand Standard 5433:1999, Transport of Dangerous Goods on
Land; or
(b) United Nations Recommendations on the Transport of Dangerous Goods;
or
(c) International Maritime Dangerous Goods Code; or
(d) Technical Instructions for Safe Transport of Dangerous Goods by
Air of the International Civil Aviation Organisation; or
(e) Dangerous Goods Regulations of the International Air Transport
Association; and reference to a class includes all divisions of that
class. |
| Class I appliance |
An appliance in which protection against electric shock
does not rely on basic insulation only, but which includes an additional
safety precaution in that accessible conductive parts are connected
to the protective earthing conductor in the fixed wiring of the installation
so that accessible conductive parts cannot become live in the event
of a failure of the basic insulation. |
| Class II appliance |
An appliance in which protection against electric shock
does not rely on basic insulation only, but in which additional safety
precautions such as double insulation or reinforced insulation is
provided, there being no provision for protective earthing or reliance
upon installation conditions. |
| Class III appliance |
An appliance in which protection against electric shock
relies on supply at safety extra-low voltage and in which voltages
higher than those of safety extra-low voltage are not generated. |
| Claw hook |
Double-finger hook formed to the shape of the chain
link, used for connecting chains. |
| Cleaned |
In relation to the transport of dangerous goods means:
(a) for gases and volatile liquids, an atmosphere in the receptacle
containing a concentration of the gas or liquid vapour less than the
concentration listed in Workplace Exposure Standards, of Occupational
Safety and Health, Department of Labour; or
(b) for all dangerous goods, the container is free of dangerous residue
of the substance to the satisfaction of the relevant regulatory authority. |
| Cleaner production |
The use of techniques to reduce the need for raw materials
and/or energy and the amount of wastes generated. These techniques
may include the use of recyclable materials, the use of less hazardous
substances or the reduction in their quantity, and the use of renewable
resources. |
| Cleanfill |
(a) A landfill that accepts only material that, when
buried or placed, will not have an adverse effect on the environment;
but
(b) does not include a landfill that contains 5% or more (by weight)
putrescible matter. |
| Clearance limit |
The point to which an aircraft is granted an ATC clearance. |
| Clearfell |
To fell all trees in an area, as opposed to thinning
which removes selected stems from the stand. |
| Clearway |
A defined rectangular area on the ground or water,
at the departure end of the runway:
(1) under the control of the aerodrome operator; or
(2) with the agreement of the authority controlling the clearway -
selected or prepared as a suitable area over which an aeroplane may
make a portion of its initial climb to a specified height. |
| Clearwood |
Wood that is free of knots. |
| Cleat |
A small block of timber or other substantial material
fixed across a member to provide strength and support and to prevent
the movement of abutting timbers. |
| Client |
Party for which work is being carried out. |
| Climbing equipment |
Playground equipment or equipment parts that have no
areas on which it is possible to stand unsupported and which, therefore,
require the user to hold on with both hands. |
| Climbing rope |
Used to secure the climber so that if the climber
falls the fall distance is limited or broken by the rope. The rope
is connected to the harness or belt and at a point on the tree. |
| Climbing spurs |
(Synonym: Rigging spurs) Strap-on metal spikes which
enable a rigger to climb a standing tree. |
| Clinch |
The area of the sidewall of a pneumatic tyre immediately
flange where severe stress occurs in service. |
| Close supervision |
Direct and constant one-on-one supervision. |
| Closed cup test |
A test for determining the flashpoint of a flammable
liquid as prescribed in Australian Standard AS 2106:1980 Methods
for the determination of the flashpoint of flammable liquids (closed
cup. |
| Closing |
Completing the current path of an electric circuit. |
| Closing rope |
Powered rope which closes a grapple. |
| Clutch |
A device used to connect or disconnect (engage or disengage)
two rotatable parts so they revolve as one unit or separately, as
required. Generally one of two types:
(1) Friction clutch: A clutch which relies on friction to transmit
movement from one part to another: thus it may be partially engaged
if required to transmit only some of the available torque (rotary
force), or engaged progressively to provide smooth engagement as in
the clutch of a car.
(2) Positive clutch: A clutch in which the movement is transmitted
between the members by a positive mechanical action. It is either
fully engaged or fully disengaged and cannot be ,slipped, or engaged
smoothly like a friction clutch. |
| Clutch extractor |
Part of the mechanism of a positive clutch found on
presses and similar machines used for disengaging the clutch at the
end of a stroke, and holding it disengaged until the next stroke is
initiated. |
| CNG |
Natural gas which has been compressed, or contained
under pressure, in a small volume. Mainly used as a transport fuel. |
| CNG station |
A CNG gas installation supplying CNG for use in vehicle
cylinders, transportable cylinders, or both types of cylinder. |
| CO |
Carbon monoxide. |
| CO2 |
Carbon dioxide. |
| Coach |
A person responsible for leding, training or instructing,
who could be a fitness instructor, outdoor recreation guide, group
leader, mentor or team coach. |
| Coal |
(a) Anthracite, bituminous coal, lignite, oil shale,
peat, and sub-bituminous coal; and
(b) includes every other substance worked or normally worked with
coal. |
| Coal mine |
A place where a person works below ground for the purpose
of
(a) extracting coal from the earth; or
(b) processing coal extracted from the earth at that place; and includes
a place in which coal so extracted or processed is washed, crushed,
or screened. |
| Coastal cargo |
In relation to any ship, means:
(a) passengers embarked by the ship at any port in New Zealand for
carriage to and disembarking at any other port in New Zealand;
(b) goods loaded on the ship at any port in New Zealand for carriage
to and unloading at any other port in New Zealand. |
| Coathangers |
Stubs left by not cutting branches close to the log. |
| Coating |
Material applied to the external surface of a pipe
or fitting to protect it against corrosion. |
| COD |
The chemical oxygen demand, being the equivalent mass
of oxygen from an oxidising agent, of a strength at least equal to
the oxidising strength of potassium permanganate or potassium dichromate,
that is consumed during oxidation of the substance in water, expressed
in units of milligrams of oxygen consumed per milligram of the substance. |
| Code of practice, approved code of practice |
A statement of preferred work practices or arrangements
for the purpose of ensuring the health and safety of persons to whom
the code applies and persons who may be affected by the activities
covered by the code.
Under the HSE Act the Minister of Labour may, after consulting all
persons affected or likely to be affected by the code, and considering
all written comments, approve the code of practice under section 20
of the Act. When a code is approved, a Court may have regard to it
in relation to compliance with the relevant sections of the HSE Act.
This means that if an employer in an industry or using a process to
which an approved code applies can show compliance with that code
in all matters it covers, a Court may consider this to be compliance
with the provisions of the Act to which the code relates. |
| Cog |
A tooth on a gear wheel (more properly - a wooden tooth
on a wooden wheel). |
| Cogeneration |
The simultaneous or sequential production of two or
more forms of useful energy from a single primary energy source. E.g.
an electricity generating facility that produces electricity and a
form of useful thermal energy (such as heat or steam for industrial
or commercial heating or cooling purposes). In the energy balances,
only the electrical output is accounted for. |
| Cognitive impairment |
Impairment indicated by the following type of symptoms:
forgetting, able to be easily distracted, problems in paying attention,
and in concentrating as well as with memory, problems in putting together
complex information, problems in focusing attention and ignoring irrelevant
information. |
| COHFE |
Centre for Human Factors and Ergonomics. A research
centre dedicated to improving worker safety, health and performance
within the New Zealand forest industry. |
| Cohort |
A group of individuals having a statistical factor
(such as age) in common. |
| Cohort study |
A study in which a group of people with a past exposure
to chemicals or other risk factors are followed over time and their
disease experience compared to that of a group of people without the
exposure. |
| Coil |
Insulated wire wound about a former to carry current
and produce an electric field. |
| Cold deck |
Logging in which logs are accumulated and stacked
to await later transportation. |
| Cold injuries |
Injuries that occur when the body reduces blood supply
to the extremities in order to conserve heat around the vital organs.
The main cold injuries are frostnip, frostbite, immersion foot and
trench foot |
| Cold store protection |
Modifications made to standard forklifts to enable
them to work in low temperature situations e.g. cold stores, chillers
etc. |
| Cold strain |
The short- or long-term consequences of exposure to
cold on a person's mind and body. |
| Collar |
A raised ring on the surface of a shaft. May be an
integral part of the shaft or fixed to it in some way, often used
to locate a component on the shaft. |
| Collective agreement |
An agreement that is binding on:
(a) 1 or more unions; and
(b) 1 or more employers; and
(c) 2 or more employees. |
| Collision Regulations |
The International Regulations for Preventing Collisions
at Sea as set forth in the Schedule to the Collision Regulations Order
1976. |
| Combination carrier |
A ship designed to carry either oil or solid cargoes
in bulk. |
| Combination packaging |
In relation to dangerous goods means a combination
of packaging for transport purposes consisting of one or more inner
packagings secured in an outer packaging. |
| Combination sign |
In relation to a safety sign is a sign which comprises
both words and a symbol. |
| Combination vehicle |
A towing vehicle in combination with one or more trailers
or other motor vehicle that is being towed. |
| Combustible |
A substance capable of undergoing combustion. NOTE:
AS 1530.1 provides a test method for and criterion of combustibility
for building materials. |
| Combustible liquid |
A combustible liquid as defined in AS 1940/NZ Dangerous
Goods Regulations. |
| Combustible material |
A material which will ignite and burn and includes
material which has been flame-proofed. |
| Combustible surface |
Any material or object adjacent to, or in contact with
heat-producing gas appliances, and made of, or surfaced with, materials
that are capable of being ignited and burned. |
| Combustion |
The process of burning. |
| Combustion appliance |
A slow combustion stove, a free standing metal cone
fireplace, a cast iron pot belly stove, an oil burning space heater,
or a vented gas burning heater. |
| Combustion products |
Constituents resulting from the combustion of a fuel
with air, oxygen or mixture of the two, including the inert gases
associated with the fuel and the air but excluding any other diluent
or contaminant. |
| Commercial purpose |
In relation to the transport of dangerous goods, means
the transport of dangerous goods as part of a commercial operation
but not as tools-of-trade or by a licensed transport service operator.
|
| Commercial sexual services |
In terms of the Prostitution Reform Act, means sexual
services that:
(a) involve physical participation by a person in sexual acts with,
and for the gratification of, another person; and
(b) are provided for payment or other reward (irrespective of whether
the reward is given to the person providing the services or another
person). |
| Commercial ship |
A ship that is not: (a) a pleasure craft; or (b) solely
powered manually; or (c) solely powered by sail. |
| Commercial transport operation |
An operation for the carriage of passengers or goods
by air for hire or reward:
(1) where
(i) each passenger is performing, or undergoing training to perform,
a task or duty on the operation; or
(ii) the passengers or goods are carried to or from a remote aerodrome
-
(2) except those operations in paragraph (1) that are: (i) a sightseeing
flight or joyride under VFR by day in: - a hot
air balloon in accordance with Part 91; or -
a microlight aircraft in accordance with Part 103; or -
a glider in accordance with Part 104; or - a
hang glider or paraglider in accordance with Part 106; or
(ii) a helicopter external load operation in accordance with Part
133; or
(iii) an agricultural operation in accordance with Part 137; or
(iv) a parachute operation in accordance with Part 105. [Civil Aviation
Rules] |
| Commercial user (poisons) |
A person who:
(a) regularly uses land
(i) for the purpose of any agricultural, horticultural, pastoral,
or recreational undertaking carried on for profit; or
(ii) for the keeping for profit of animals or bees and requires a
poison in connection with such use; or
(b) requires a poison for use in any scientific, educational, or commercial
laboratory; or
(c) requires a poison for use in any process of manufacture or in
any trade or business; or
(d) requires a poison for use in any public reserve, within the meaning
of the Reserves Act 1977, or in any public recreational area that
the person is responsible for maintaining. |
| Commissioning |
In relation to plant, means performing the necessary
adjustments, test and inspections before the plant commences normal
operation for the first time. This is done to ensure that the plant
is in full working order in accordance with the requirements specified
in the design, and includes re-commissioning. |
| Common flue |
A flue system designed to carry combustion products
from two or more flue outlets. |
| Communicable disease |
(Synonym: Infectious disease) An illness due to a specific
infectious agent or its toxic products that arises through transmission
of that agent or its products from an infected person, animal or reservoir
to a susceptible host. It may be transmitted directly or indirectly,
or indirectly through an intermediate plant or animal host, vector
or the inanimate environment.
Under the Health Act, it includes any infectious disease, tuberculosis,
venereal disease, and any other disease declared by the Governor-General,
by Order in Council, to be a communicable disease. |
| Co-morbidity (co-disability) |
Co-existence of more than one disease (disability)
in the same individual at a given time. |
| Compactor-container |
A specially designed container, compatible with a stationary
compactor, used to load, store, and transport the compacted refuse
to the unloading site. Such containers do not include disposable containers
made of paper, plastic, or cardboard. |
| Compactor operating cycles |
A single cycle is the operation of
a mechanism to perform one complete operation having a definite beginning
and end.
An interrupted cycle is one in which the operation
of a mechanism stops automatically before completion of the cycle.
A multiple cycle is one in which the operation of
the mechanism will complete a predetermined number of cycles or run
for a predetermined time period and then stop. |
| Company name |
Includes any corporate name, firm name, or business
name, whether or not it is registered or registrable under the Companies
Act 1955 [or the Companies Act 1993] or any other enactment. |
| Compartment |
Forest management subdivision or block of land, usually
of continuous land ownership. |
Compatible
substances or
toxicity |
Substances, which, when mixed together, do not react
to give substantially increased danger of explosion, fire, or chemical
reaction. |
| Compatibility group |
A grouping of types of dangerous goods of Class 1 that
are deemed to be compatible. Compatibility groups are identified by
a letter from A to S following the division number. |
| Compensation levy |
The levy payable by self-employed persons and shareholder-employees
to purchase and maintain weekly compensation under section 208 of
the Act, calculated by the Accident Compensation Corporation under
regulation 13. |
| Competent person |
Any person who has:
(a) the relevant knowledge, experience, and skill to carry out the
task required; and
(b) either
(i) a relevant qualification evidencing the person's possession of
that knowledge, experience, and skill; or
(ii) if the person is an employee, a certificate issued by the person's
employer evidencing the person's possession of that knowledge, experience,
and skill. |
| Completed hearing (ERS Tribunal, Court)
|
A hearing that has taken place where the user has changed
the status of the hearing to complete and thereby reviewed the expected
duration and hearing participants. |
| Compliance label |
An attachment to a vehicle in the form of a label that
confirms compliance of the vehicle or a specific aspect of the vehicle
with requirements in the Land Transport Rule: Vehicle Standards Compliance
2002. |
| Compliance |
(1) In accordance with the requirements of legislation
and regulations.
(2) Achieving the desired defined and assessable outcome through documented
and demonstrable procedures and records. |
| Compliance order |
An order made under section 137 of the Employment Relations
Act 2000. |
| Composite packaging |
Packaging consisting of an inner receptacle and an
outer packaging, constructed so that the inner receptacle and the
outer packaging form an integral packaging, and that once assembled
remains an integrated unit and is filled, stored, transported and
emptied as such. |
| Composite sign |
In relation to a safety sign is a combination sign
in which the words qualify or augment the symbol. |
| Compound |
Any chemical combination of chemical elements. |
| Compound |
Natural or synthetic rubber, or a blend of both, treated
with various chemicals and other materials to give specific properties
required for various commercial rubber products. |
| Compound |
An area bounded by natural ground contours or by a
bund, and intended to retain spillage or leakage. NOTE: A pit or tank
may be used to provide the same function. |
| Compound |
In relation to the storage of liquid dangerous goods,
means a basin, pit, excavation, hollow, or enclosure constructed of
concrete, brick, clay, earth, or similar incombustible material, and
which is of such a nature and construction that it will effectively
retain the liquid dangerous goods in the event of their leakage outflow
from their container under the action of fire or from any other cause;
and 'to compound' has a corresponding meaning. |
| Compressed gas |
A gas that is held in a compressed gas container:
(a) in gaseous form at pressure of greater than 101.3 kPa absolute;
or
(b) dissolved in a liquid solvent at a pressure of greater than 101.3
kPa absolute; or
(c) at a sufficient pressure to keep the gas in its liquid or partially
liquid form; or
(d) at a sufficiently low temperature to keep the gas in its liquid
or partially liquid form. |
| Compressed gas container |
(a) Means a container in which compressed gas is held
with fittings or equipment designed to retain the gas in its compressed
form; and
(b)includes any aerosol dispenser, fire extinguisher, cryogenic container,
cylinder, tank, or compressed gas stationary tank; but
(c) does not include:
(i) a pressure vessel that is a pipeline under the Health and Safety
in Employment (Pipelines) Regulations 1999; or
(ii) an air receiver used in connection with the starting of an internal
combustion engine; or
(iii) a receiver that forms part of a compression plant; or
(iv) a container that forms an integral part of a refrigerating unit;
or
(v) a pressurised container that forms an integral part of the motive
or control system of a vehicle, aircraft, or ship; or
(vi) an aerosol container with a water capacity less than 50 millilitres
or for which the absolute pressure developed at 20°C is less than
170 kPa; or
(vii) a cartridge with a water capacity less than [170 millilitres];
or
(viii) a non-refillable container with a water capacity of less than
100 millilitres; or
(ix) a cylinder with a water capacity of less than 120 millilitres,
if the contents are a liquefied gas with flammable properties; or
(x) a cylinder with a water capacity of less than 500 millilitres,
if the contents are not a liquefied gas with flammable properties;
or
(xi) a cylinder with a water capacity of greater than 500 litres,
except that this subparagraph does not apply in relation to regulation
7, Part 8, or Part 9; or
(xii) carbonated beverages or their containers. |
| Compressed gas stationary tank |
A tank that is
(a) used or intended to be used for storage or supply of one or more
compressed gases; and
(b) normally located at a specific place. |
| Compressed Natural Gas (CNG) |
Natural gas used as a fuel for vehicles, typically
compressed up to 20 000 kPa in the gaseous state |
| Compression factor |
Quotient of the actual (real) volume of an arbitrary
mass of gas, at a specified pressure and temperature, and the volume
of the same gas, under the same conditions, as calculated from the
ideal gas law. |
| Compression joint |
A joint sealed by the compression of a gland packing
by a gland ring. |
| Compression wood |
Where a tree or log bends inwards. Can result in jamming
of the chainsaw in the closing cut. |
| Compressive stress |
A stress that tends to shorten a material. |
| Compressor |
A device for compressing (pressurising) a gas. |
| Concealed space |
Any part of the space within a building that cannot
be seen from an occupied space. |
| Concentric |
Two parts are concentric if they rotate about the same
axis, or if they are mounted so that their centre lines coincide. |
| Concussion |
Injury to the brain, usually caused by a blow, leading
to immediate loss of consciousness. |
| Condensate |
The liquid that separates from a gas (including flue
gas) due to a reduction in temperature. |
| Condensate |
A light crude oil which is present in natural gas deposits. |
| Condition monitoring |
Continuous or periodic inspection, assessment, measurement
and interpretation of resulting data, to indicate the condition of
specific asset components so as to determine the need for preventative
or remedial action. |
| Condition monitored maintenance |
A maintenance process that monitors maintenance trends,
and relies upon analysis of the operating experience of the whole
population of specified items to indicate nascent failures requiring
corrective action. |
| Conductor |
Any overhead or underground electrical device, including
communications wires and cables, power lines and other such facilities.
|
| Confidence interval |
A range of values for a variable that has a specified
probability of including the true value of the variable. |
| Confidential information |
Includes:
(a) trade secrets; and
(b) information that has commercial value that would be, or would
be likely to be, diminished by disclosure. |
| Confined space |
An enclosed
or partially enclosed space that is at atmospheric pressure during
occupancy and is not intended or designed primarily as a place of
work.
In addition, the space:
(a) is liable at any time to (i) have an atmosphere which
contains potentially harmful levels of contaminant; (ii) not have
a safe oxygen range; or (iii) cause engulfment; and
(b) could have restricted
means for entry amd exit. |
| Confirmed (ERS Authority, Tribunal, Court)
|
A confirmed hearing, e.g. a confirmed investigation
meeting. |
| Conformity assessment |
The methods used to demonstrate that equipment complies
with specified requirements. |
| Confounding |
A situation in which a measure of the effect of an
exposure on risk is distorted because of the association of the exposure
with other factor(s) that influence the outcome. |
| Connecting rod |
A rigid rod connecting a crank pin to a piston, crosshead
or slider. One end describes a circular path, travelling with the
crank pin, and the other end travels in a straight line with the piston
or slider. |
| Consequence |
The outcome of an event expressed qualitatively or
quantitatively, being a loss, injury, disadvantage or gain. There
may be a range of possible outcomes associated with an event. |
| Consideration of Papers (ERS Authority,
Tribunal, Court) |
A hearing before a Judge, Tribunal or Authority Member
where the issue is determined on the papers. The papers can include
the pleadings, submissions and affidavits but parties do not attend.
|
| Consignor (dangerous goods) |
Any person who:
(a) transports their own dangerous goods; or
(b) engages a prime contractor, either directly or through an agent,
to transport dangerous goods; or
(c) has possession of, or control over, dangerous goods immediately
before the goods are transported; or
(d) for the first land journey after dangerous goods are imported
into New Zealand, is the importer of those goods; or
(e) agrees to be named on dangerous goods documentation as the consignor
for the transport of the goods covered by that documentation. |
| Consolidator |
A person who packs or supervises packing of cargo for
various shippers into a container or vehicle for transport by sea. |
| Construct |
In relation to a building, includes to build, erect,
prefabricate, and relocate; and construction has a corresponding meaning. |
| Construction work |
(a) Means any work in connection with the alteration,
cleaning construction, demolition, dismantling, erection, installation,
maintenance, painting, removal, renewal, or repair, of:
(i) Any building, chimney, edifice, erection, fence, structure, or
wall, whether constructed wholly above or below, or partly above and
partly below, ground level:
(ii) Any aerodrome, cableway, canal, harbour works, motorway, railway,
road, or tramway:
(iii) Any thing having the purpose of drainage, flood control, irrigation,
or river control:
(iv) Any distribution system or network having the purpose of carrying
electricity, gas, telecommunications, or water:
(v) Any aqueduct, bridge, culvert, dam, earthwork, pipeline, reclamation,
reservoir, or viaduct:
(vi) Any scaffolding; and
(b) Includes any work in connection with any excavation, preparatory
work, or site preparation carried out for the purposes of any work
referred to in paragraph (a) of this definition; and
(c) Includes any work referred to in paragraph (a) or paragraph (b)
of this definition carried out underwater, including work on buoys,
obstructions to navigation, rafts, ships, and wrecks; and
(d) Includes the use of any materials or plant for the purposes of
any work referred to in any of paragraphs (a) to (c) of this definition;
and
(e) Includes any inspection or other work carried out for the purposes
of ascertaining whether any work referred to in any of paragraphs
(a) to (c) of this definition should be carried out; but
(f) Does not include any work in any mine, quarry, or tunnel. |
| Construction blaster |
A person who holds a certificate of competency as a
construction blaster. |
| Consultation |
Sharing of information and opinions on a particular
issue or series of issues, between two or more interested parties.
The outcome of consultation may not necessarily be agreement. |
| Consumer commodities |
P roducts that are packaged as Dangerous Goods in Limited
Quantities and are in a form intended, or suitable, for retail sale
for the purposes of personal care or recreational or domestic use.
|
| Contact |
A person or animal who has been in association with
an infected person or animal or a contaminated environment which might
provide an opportunity to acquire the infective agent. |
| Contact |
An event where a vessel or craft strikes something
fixed, such as a navigation aid or a heavy landing on a berth, or
a bridge structure or deck. Contact is known as Allision in the United
States of America and some other parts of the world. |
| Contact |
See Direct or Indirect contact. |
| Contacts |
Parts of a switch which open and close to control the
flow of current. |
| Contact tracing |
Identifying and seeking out those people who have
been in contact with a person with an infectious disease, with a view
to controlling spread of that disease by either diagnosing and treating
further cases or providing protections such as preventative treatment
or immunisation, or advice and information. |
| Container |
Any barrel, case, cylinder, drum, tank, tin or other
receptacle; and includes every package in or by which goods may be
cased, covered, enclosed, contained or packed. |
| Container, or freight container |
An article of transport equipment that is:
(a) of permanent character and accordingly strong enough to be suitable
for repeated use; and
(b) specially designed to facilitate the transport of goods, by one
or more modes of transport, without intermediate reloading; and
(c) designed to be secured or readily handled or both, having fittings
for these purposes.
The term 'container' or 'freight container' does not include a vehicle
or packaging; but does include a container that is carried on a chassis. |
| Containment |
Relates to an approval granted for a hazardous substance
or new organism in containment. Containment means restricting organisms
or hazardous substances to a secure location or facility to prevent
escape. In respect of genetically modified organisms, includes field
testing and large-scale fermentation. Controls on containment for
both hazardous substances and new organisms are derived from the Third
Schedule of the HSNO Act. |
| Containment facility |
A place approved in accordance with section 39 [Biosecurity
Act] for holding organisms that should not, whether for the time being
or ever, become established in New Zealand: |
| Containment structure |
A containment facility that is a vehicle, room, building,
or other structure, set aside and equipped for the development of
genetically modified organisms. |
| Contaminant |
Any substance (including gases, liquids, solids and
micro-organisms) energy (excluding noise) or heat, that either by
itself or in combination with the same, similar or other substances,
energy or heat may adversely affect health either directly because
of hazardous properties, or indirectly through contamination of the
air, water, soil or food. |
| Contaminated |
Means that a contaminant on any product, byproduct,
piece of equipment or
article, including protective clothing, has exceeded any standard
or, in the absence of a
standard, the tolerated level for that contaminant on the product
or byproduct being
produced at the time. |
| Contingency plan |
A plan for action prepared in anticipation of an incident. |
| Continual improvement |
Process of enhancing the OHSMS to achieve improvements
in overall OHS performances, in line with the organisation's OHS policy.
Note: The process need not take place in all areas of activity simultaneously. |
| Contour tracking |
Skidding tracks which roughly parallel the contour
of the land. |
| Contractor |
A person engaged by any person (other than as an employee)
to do any work for gain or reward. |
| Contrast |
The name given to the difference in brightness between
the subject (e.g. text, control knob, sign etc.) and the background
against which it must be seen and interpreted. It has an even greater
effect on legibility than lighting. |
| Contributory factors (manual handling) |
The factors of load, environment, people, task and
management that can contribute to the incidence and severity of manual
handling hazards. |
| Control |
A physical entity that provides the means for an operator
to interact with the machine or task. An example of a control is a
computer mouse, or keyboard, with which the operator communicates
with the computer software and hardware. Another example of a control
would be a light switch. |
| Control of hazards/risks |
In Australia, the term 'control of risks' is used,
to mean the process of elimination or minimisation of risks.
In New Zealand, the term 'control of hazards' is used to mean the
process of elimination, isolation or minimisation of significant hazards. |
| Control stations |
Those spaces in which the ship's radio or main navigation
equipment or the emergency source of power is located, or where the
fire recording or fire control equipment is centralised. |
| Controls (HSNO) |
Controls encompass any obligations or restrictions
imposed on any hazardous substance or new organism, or on any person
involved with any hazardous substance or new organism, by the HSNO
Act (and other legislation). Controls also encompass any regulation,
rule, code or other document made in accordance with the provisions
of the HSNO Act (or any other legislation) for the purpose of controlling
the effects of hazardous substances or new organisms on people, property
and the environment. |
| Controlled airspace |
An airspace of defined dimensions within which air
traffic control service is provided to IFR flights, and to VFR flights,
in accordance with the airspace classification. |
| Controlled drug |
Any substance, preparation, mixture, or article specified
or described in Schedule 1, Schedule 2, or Schedule 3 to the Misuse
of Drugs Act 1975; and includes any controlled drug analogue. |
| Controlled drug analogue |
Any substance, such as the substances specified or
described in Part 7 of Schedule 3 to the Misue of Drugs Act, that
has a structure substantially similar to that of any controlled drug;
but does not include (a) any substance specified or described in Schedule
1 or Schedule 2 or Parts 1 to 6 of Schedule 3 to this Act; or (b)
any pharmacy-only medicine or prescription medicine or restricted
medicine within the meaning of the Medicines Act 1981. |
| Controlled flight |
Any flight that is subject to an ATC clearance. |
| Controlled pesticide |
A pesticide specified in Part A of Schedule 7 to the
HSNO Act. It includes sodium fluoroacetate (1080) and cyanide. |
| Controlled zone |
An area abutting a hazardous substance location that
is regulated so that: (a) within the zone, the adverse effects of
a hazardous substance are reduced or prevented; and (b) beyond the
zone, members of the public are provided with reasonable protection
from those adverse effects. |
| Controller |
In relation to an item of equipment operated, or intended
to be operated, in a place of work means a person who is the owner,
lessee,sublessee, or bailee, of that equipment. |
| Contusion |
A closed wound caused by a blow from a blunt object.
There is usually bleeding into the affected tissue. A bruise. |
| Converter dolly |
An individual trailer unit with a fifth wheel coupling
used to convert a semi-trailer to a full trailer. A dolly must have
either:
(a) a rigid drawbar associated with an oscillating fifth wheel and
a single axle or a tandem axle set; or
(b) a tandem axle set with a hinged drawbar with a fixed fifth wheel. |
| Conveyor |
A device for moving materials or objects from one place
to another by means of a moving belt, chain, etc. |
| Cool location |
A location in New Zealand where the degree-day total
is 920 or more. |
| COP |
Code of practice. |
| Co-pilot |
A licensed pilot, serving in any piloting capacity
other than as pilot-in-command; but does not include a pilot receiving
flight instruction from a pilot on board the aircraft. |
| COPS |
See Cabin operator protective structure. |
| CORD |
Chronic obstructive respiratory disease. |
| Cord extension set (extension lead) |
An assembly of a cord intended for connection to a
mains outlet socket, a sheathed flexible cord and a cord extension
socket. |
| Core |
The centre section of wire rope. |
| Core body temperature |
The temperature found in the brain, heart and abdominal
organs. It varies little from 37°C and is vital for the normal
functioning of these organs. |
| Corner block |
Tailrope block(s) at the back of a setting which changes
direction of the tailrope. |
| Cornering lamp |
A lamp designed to emit light at the front of the vehicle
to supplement a vehicle's headlamps by illuminating the road ahead
in the direction of the turn. |
| Corridor |
A straight cleared extraction strip, usually for cable
hauler thinning. |
| Corrosion damage |
In relation to a vehicle is where the metal has been
eaten away, which is evident by pitting. The outward signs of such
corrosion damage is typically displayed by the lifting or bubbling
of paint. In extreme cases, the area affected by the corrosion damage
will fall out and leave a hole. |
| Corrosive |
A substance that either produces destruction of tissue
(e.g. skin or eye) or corrodes metal surfaces. |
| Corrosive substances |
(Class 8 Dangerous Goods) Substances that, by chemical
action, will cause severe damage when in contact with living tissue
or will damage or destroy other goods or the vehicle in which they
are transported if they leak from their packaging.
Dangerous goods of Class 8 are assigned to a packing group according
to the degree of danger they present:
Packing Group I (high danger);
Packing Group II (medium danger);
Packing Group III (low danger). |
| Corrosives tank |
A vessel exceeding 250 litres water capacity used for
the transport or storage of corrosive substances in bulk. Tanks may
be of the following types:
(a) fixed tank - a tank which is permanently mounted on a vehicle
chassis. Includes pipework, pumps, etc;
(b) demountable tank (multi-modal tank) - a tank designed to convey
corrosive substances by road or rail. Generally approved for bulk
service only (nominally full or empty);
(c) skid tank - a tank designed for temporary storage of corrosive
substances, and suitable for transportation from one location to another;
(d) intermediate bulk container (IBC) - a container designed, constructed
and tested to United Nations Recommendations, Chapter 16. |
| Corrosives tank wagon |
Any vehicle used for the carriage of corrosives in
bulk in a fixed tank or tanks. Tank wagons may
be of one of the following types:
(a) tank truck - a single vehicle having its own means of propulsion;
(b) tank semi-trailer - a vehicle including a prime mover constructed
so that when drawn through a fifth wheel or turntable connection,
part of the load rests on the towing vehicle;
(c) tank trailer - a vehicle which does not have its own means of
propulsion, but does not include a tank semi-trailer. |
| Cospas-Sarsat |
A satellite Emergency Position-Indicating Radio Beacon
(EPIRB) system. |
| Cotter pin |
A tapered pin or wedge, used to locate and connect
a pulley etc. shaft. |
| Counterbore |
(1) A parallel enlargement of the mouth of a hole.
(2) Tool to produce this parallel enlargement. |
| Countersink |
(1) A tapered enlargement of the mouth of a hole.
(2) Tool to produce this tapered enlargement. |
| Countershaft |
A short, intermediate shaft in a drive, usually fitted
with gears, pulleys or sprockets. |
| Counterweight |
A weight used to balance part or all of the weight
of an object which must be lifted, to ease the job of lifting it. |
| Coupler |
A fitting used to fix scaffold tubes together. |
| Coupling |
A semi-permanent connection between two shafts to transmit
rotary motion between them. May be solid, or may allow a small amount
of misalignment view between the shafts by incorporating flexible
members. |
| Court (ERS Employment Court) |
A formal hearing conducted in a Courtroom before a
judge. |
| Coverage clause |
(a) In relation to a collective agreement
(i) means a provision in the agreement that specifies the work that
the agreement covers, whether by reference to the work or type of
work or employees or types of employees; and
(ii) includes a provision in the agreement that refers to named employees,
or to the work or type of work done by named employees, to whom the
collective agreement applies. |
| CPR |
Cardiopulmonary resuscitation. |
| CPU |
Central Processing Unit. |
| Cradle or removable cradle |
An assembly on to which logs may be loaded for later
cartage. |
| Craft |
Includes any aircraft, ship, boat, or other machine
or vessel used or able to be used for the transportation of people
or goods, or both, by air or sea. |
| Crane |
A powered device that is equipped with mechanical
means for raising or lowering loads suspended by means of a hook or
other load-handling device; and that can, by the movement of the whole
device or of its boom, jib, trolley or other such part, reposition
or move suspended loads both vertically and horizontally. It includes
all parts of the crane down to and including the hook or load-handling
device, and all ropes, wires, chains or other devices used to move
the hook, or device. |
| Crane boom, crane jib |
A forklift attachment having a raised cantilevered
boom to which one or more crane hooks may be fitted. |
| Crane-lifted work platform |
That portion of equipment from which employees carry
out their work that is either attached to the cranes's hook or block.
|
| Crane rating chart |
A notice fitted on or attached to a crane stating the
maximum SWL for the crane in specified operating conditions. |
| Crank |
A lever attached to a shaft, carrying a pin whose axis
is offset from but parallel to, the axis of the shaft. In general,
the radius of the crankpin is smaller than the offset between the
axes (throw). |
| Crankshaft |
A shaft to which a crank and crankpin are fitted and
about which they rotate. |
| Crawler |
A machine mounted on, and travelling on, tracks. |
| Crew |
In relation to an aircraft or ship, includes its pilot
in command, captain or master but does not include any person employed
or engaged solely to maintain it while it is not in flight or at sea
or to load it, unload it or both. |
| Crew accommodation |
Includes such sleeping rooms, mess rooms, sanitary
accommodation, changing rooms, hospital accommodation, store rooms,
catering accommodation, offices, and recreational accommodation as
are provided for the seafarers on board a ship. |
| Critical control point |
A step at which control can be applied that is essential
to prevent or eliminate a hazard or reduce it to an acceptable level. |
| Critical incident |
A situation faced by emergency services that causes
them to experience unusually strong emotional reactions which have
the potential to interfere with their ability to function reliably. |
| Critical performance parameter |
A performance parameter that has a direct effect on
the operational integrity of an aeronautical facility. |
| Critical temperature |
The temperature of a gas in its critical state, above
which it cannot be liquefied by pressure alone. |
| Critical time |
The time required for unignited fuel to accumulate
in such quantity and proportions that, if ignited, the pressure of
the resultant explosion would constitute a hazard (see AS1735 for
methods of determination). |
| Critical weld |
A weld positioned where failure could affect the soundness
of the structure and result in injury to the user. |
| Crocidolite |
Blue asbestos. An iron-sodium silicate, blue in colour.
Fibres are straight and rigid and may split longitudinally to produce
fine fibrils. The most hazardous form of asbestos. |
| Cross-country flight |
A flight which extends more than 25 nautical miles
in a straight line distance from the centre of the aerodrome of departure. |
| Crosscut or Buck |
To cut wood across the grain, hence, to cut trees into
logs. |
| Crosscutter |
One who cuts felled trees into logs. |
| Crossover |
In tree pruning, when the pruner hook and cutter cross
over each other. Severe damage occurs to the working edges due to
a loose centre bolt or to the worker twisting the handles while cutting
the branch (incorrect technique). |
| Cross-ply |
A pneumatic tyre structure in which the ply cords in
the tyre carcass extend to the beads and are laid at alternate angles,
which are substantially less than 90 degrees, to the centre-line of
the tread. This tyre structure is also referred to as 'bias ply' or
'diagonal ply'. |
| Cross section |
The shape of a part seen when 'cut' or 'sectioned'
in a specified place, usually at right angles to the axis. |
| Cross-sectional study |
A descriptive epidemiological study design where the
status of individuals is assessed at the same point in time. |
| Crow bar (Pinch bar) |
A steel bar, flattened at one end, used for levering
or prizing. |
| Crown |
Upper foliage of a tree. |
| Crown entity |
A body or statutory officer named or described in the
Fourth Schedule of the Public Finance Act 1989. |
| Crown funding agreement |
An agreement that the Crown enters into with any person,
under which the Crown agrees to provide money in return for the person
providing, or arranging for the provision of, services specified in
the agreement. |
| Crown organisation |
A Crown entity, government department, or government-related
organisation. |
| Crowned |
The rounding of a load to allow binder chains to contact
as much of the upper surface as possible. |
| Crude rate |
The frequency with which an event occurs relative to
the number of people in a defined population. |
| Cruising level |
A level maintained during a significant portion of
a flight. |
| Crushing point |
Place where parts of equipment can move against
each other or a fixed area so that persons, or parts of their body,
can be crushed. |
| Crutch |
The point at which a tree stem forks. |
| Cryogenic |
Of or relating to the behavior of matter at very low
temperatures. |
| Cryogenic container |
A closed pressure container designed to maintain an
internal temperature low enough to cause the gas inside it to revert
to its liquid or partially liquid state. |
| Cryogenic liquid |
A gas that has been cooled to below -150 degrees Centigrade
and liquefied which can cause severe body burns or embrittlement of
metals and other materials. |
| CSA |
When followed by a number, means the Canadian Standards
Association. |
| CSC cargo container |
A container that has been inspected and tested in accordance
with the requirements of the International Convention for Safe Containers
1972, and any amendments of, and regulations appended to, that Convention
that are for the time being in force. |
| CSF |
Cerebral spinal fluid. |
| CT |
Computerised axial tomography (CAT scan). |
| CTC |
Canadian Transport Commission. |
| Cubic metre |
References to gas volumes are at base conditions, free
of water vapour, at a temperature of 15°C and an absolute pressure
of 101.325 kPa. |
| Cull |
(1) A tree or log of utilisable size which is of no
commercial value because of defects.
(2) To reject defective or unmerchantable trees or logs. |
| Culturally appropriate services |
Services responsive to, and respectful of, the history,
traditions and cultural values of the different ethnic groups in our
society. |
| Cumulative risk |
The risk posed by a hazardous facility added to or
multiplied by risks from other facilities. |
| Current |
Flow of energy through an electrical conductor. |
| Current accepted good practice |
The provision of services to achieve quality outcomes
for the client, in line with the normally accepted range of practice
within the relevant service group, and reflective of current guidelines
for that service provision where these exist. This may include codes
of practice, research/evidence/experience-based practice, professional
standards, guidelines, benchmarking. |
| Cut or trim notice |
A notice given under regulation 9 of the Electricity
(Hazards from Trees) Regulations 2003. |
| Cutaneous |
Pertaining to the skin. |
| Cutaneous hazard |
A chemical which may cause harm to the skin, such as
defatting, irritation, skin rashes or dermatitis. |
| Cut-out |
A condition in which the device or system under consideration
has been turned off and can automatically restart after the fault
has been corrected. The associated audible and visible alarms still
remain activated and require manual operator resetting. |
| Cutover |
Clear felled area of forest. |
| Cutter |
In relation to woodworking machinery includes all kinds
of cutting tools, circular saws, milling cutters, routers, spindle
moulders, planing and tenoning machines, hand saw blades, rotary knives,
disc blades, water jet cutting or edges of moving sheet material. |
| Cutter bar (guide bar) |
Bar which supports chain on chainsaw. |
| Cutter tooth |
On a chainsaw, the sections of chain which cut. |
| Cutting fluid |
Oil or other liquid applied to a cutting tool to cool
and lubricate it. |
| Cutting plan |
Operating plan for felling trees in a given area.
|
| Cut-up tree |
A tree that has been scarfed and backcut but has not
fallen. |
| CVD |
Cardiovascular disease. |
| CVIU |
Commercial Vehicle Inspection Unit (of the Police). |
| Cyanosis |
Bluish discoloration of the skin and mucous membrane
due to reduced level of oxygen in the blood. May be peripheral due
to poor circulation or central due to failure of oxygenation. |
| Cycle |
One of a repeating series of events or sequence of
operations performed by a machine, from start to finish. |
| Cylinder (gas) |
(a) A refillable or non-refillable compressed gas container
that is commonly used for storing and transporting compressed gases;
and (b) includes a cryogenic container and a fire extinguisher; but
(c) does not include an aerosol dispenser. |
| Cylinder |
A container which falls within the scope of AS 2030.1
or, in New Zealand, an approved container as relevant to LP gas. |
| Cylinder regulator |
A gas pressure regulator on a cyl |